Summary Of Hester s The Scarlet Red Letter - 955 Words

This story begins in 17th century Boston. Hester Prynne the main character in this story is led out of prison carrying a baby in her arms. The child’s name is Pearl. Hester had a scarlet red letter â€Å"A† on her chest. This â€Å"A† means â€Å"able† or â€Å"adulteress†. She is then led to a platform for public shame. While she is up there she sees her long lost husband Roger Chillingworth in the crowd. Chillingworth recognizes her and acts like he doesn’t know Hester; he then learns her crime from a man in the crowd. Hester while waiting for Chillingworth to come to the New World, she committed adultery resulting in her having a baby and the scarlet â€Å"A† on her chest. Chillingworth poses as a doctor so that he can get inside the prison to talk to†¦show more content†¦Hester is obviously shocked at this; she then looks over and sees Chillingworth smiling at her. Chillingworth will do just about anything to keep Hester unhappy; he indulges himself in making Hester and Dimmesdale mentally and emotionally suffer for what they have done. After Dimmesdale’s speech he walks over to Hester and Pearl who were standing next to the scaffold of the pillory. Dimmesdale then stretches forth his hand and calls Hester and Pearl to come over to him. Pearl immediately comes to him and hugs at his knees. That instant, Chillingworth throws himself through the crowd and grabs hold of Dimmesdale’s arm. Dimmesdale then says that Chillingworth is too late and that he shall escape Chillingworth’s power over him. Dimmesdale calls Hester to come to him; the crowd was in an uproar at this scene. He then tells the crowd that he stands on the spot where he should have stood several years ago with Hester at the time she was shamed. He tears off his shirt and reveals a scarlet letter on his chest! Dimmesdale then kneels down as he felt death come upon him. He asks Pearl to kiss him, and so she does. The s pell was now broken and Dimmesdale dies. Hester and Pearl leave Boston not long after this event. Soon after Chillingworth dies and leaves a large amount of wealth for Pearl; she becomes the richest heiress of her day in the New World. Hester then returns to Boston to live the rest of her days in her old cottage. Hester dies severalShow MoreRelatedReview Of Upon Returning From The Forest 1577 Words   |  7 PagesUpon returning from the forest, everything appears different to DImmesdale. Hester saddened and Pearl celebrating his departure, Dimmesdale encounters various people on his way back to his studies. Firstly, he encounters a church elder, whom Dimmesdale, â€Å"by the most careful self-control...could refrain from uttering certain blasphemous suggestions that rose into his mind, respecting the communion-supper.† (149) Second, Dimmesdale met an elderly widow, â€Å"poor...lonely, and with a heart as full of reminiscencesRead MoreIs The Scarlet Letter A Feminist Nove l?1659 Words   |  7 PagesIs The Scarlet Letter a Feminist Novel? Women all have something in common: they have all encountered a form of gender-based discrimination. Some women in countries have experienced harsher segregations than others. For instance, women in Pakistan have experienced severe discrimination a prohibition of education. One woman who is well known for being an activist for the education of women is Malala Yousafzai. Malala is a woman who has inspired many oppressed others to fight for their education.Read MoreSummary : The Rose Bush 3603 Words   |  15 Pagesthe moral of the story if they reader can pick it up or as something to look back to because of the darkness and sadness of this story. Chapter 2 Quotes â€Å"On the breast of her gown, in fine red cloth, surrounded with an elaborate embroidery and fantastic flourishes of gold-thread, appeared the letter A. It was so artistically done, and with so much fertility and gorgeous luxuriance of fancy.† â€Å"The young woman was tall, with a figure of perfect elegance, on a large scale. She had dark and abundantRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesas description, dialogue and action. Other incidents will be given relatively less emphasis through deliberate subordination. In the latter case, the author may shorten the dramatic elements of the scene or eliminate them altogether in favour of summary – in favour of telling, rather than showing. All these episodes, major or minor, need to advance the plot in precisely the same way or at the same pace, although the reader does have the right to expect that each will contribute in some way to a completed

Gay Marriage Free Essays

When I say â€Å"marriage,† what is the first thing that comes to mind? Is it the cake? The bride? The ring? Does main Government Issue cross your mind? I bet it didn’t at all. It doesn’t seem like that would be a main issue since marriage is legal in America everywhere you go. But once â€Å"same-sex† or â€Å"Gay†, is in front of the word, a heated debate begins to arise, and a fight for equality around the states being to erupt. We will write a custom essay sample on Gay Marriage or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gay Marriage is right up there with War, Health Care, and Immigration. The United States have been in discussion about Gay Marriage for years now, and the moment you think the issue is resolved and fixed, a Politician brings it back into play. Gay Marriage is an issue that continues to progress because a President finally admits that they support it, Connecticut is one of the first three states to approve it, and other states continue to appeal the decision. Marriage is a basic civil right, and whatever you believe is what you believe. Gay Marriage laws will affect people of heterosexual marriages also. Being Gay is a choice and something you decide. In certain Religions, being Gay is an abomination and would never stand up in a court of law. This presentation will be useful because it will give the audience a good understanding of what is going on and why this is all happening. This speech will be well educated, but also very understanding. Now in 2004, the Connecticut case took place when eight same-sex couples were denied marriage licenses by the town of Madison. They sued, saying their constitutional rights to equal protection and due process were violated. Connecticut legalized marriages of same-sex couples on November 12th, 2008. Connecticut was the third state to do so after California and Massachusetts. The ruling of four to three, came in just weeks before Californians go to the polls on a historic gay-marriage ballot question. The first time the issue will be put before voters in a state where same-sex couples are legally wed. This is the first time that a state that had willingly offered an alternative to marriage was told by a court that civil unions aren’t enough to protect the rights of gay couples. Connecticut was the first state to voluntarily pass laws to affirm civil unions. In the majority opinion, Justice Richard N. Palmer wrote that denying marriage to same-sex couples would create separate standards. â€Å"Interpreting our state constitutional provisions in accordance with firmly established equal protection principles leads inevitably to the conclusion that gay persons are entitled to marry the otherwise qualified same sex partner of their choice. † The Family Institute of Connecticut, a political action group that opposes gay marriage, called the ruling outrageous. â€Å"Even the legislature, as liberal as ours, decided that marriage is between man and a woman,† said executive director Peter Wolfgang. â€Å"This is about our right to govern ourselves. It is bigger than gay marriage. † These people who I have quoted are highly respected within the Government in Connecticut. In some certain place, they know someone close to them who has had to deal with situations within this debate. This topic has been very controversial, and it has taken a toll on the people who are the ones being criticized, possibly someone within a political action group. And those are the Gays, Lesbians and Bisexual. These group of people have been treated unequally throughout the years. Fighting to become married with their loved ones, and never succeeding in the past years made each and every one of them who they are today. Having the decision to become gay or lesbian is all about your preference and choice. Being with that someone of the same-sex, in a conscious state of mind, and having the label as being married means more than a Government Law. It means believing in what you believe in as a person and doing what some say was impossible to do. Marriage is a process that seems difficult, but as a heterosexual couple trying to get married, it is pretty simple. So why is it that when â€Å"Gay† is put in front of marriage it becomes a heated debate and can never be resolved? Certain religious groups feel that same-sex marriage should not be allowed in Connecticut, and protestors believe the same thing. They believe this debate should not be resolved and if it is it should be illegal in not just Connecticut, but in the entire United States. Justice Peter T. Zarella wrote that he believes there is no fundamental right to same-sex marriage, and the courts majority failed to discuss the purpose of marriage laws, which he said is to â€Å"privilege and regulate procreative conduct. † Zarella also added, â€Å"The ancient definition of marriage is that as a union of one man and one woman has its basis in biology, not bigotry. If the state no longer has an interest on the regulation of procreation, then that is the decision for the legislature or the people of the state and not this court. † Some groups even take it a step further to say, Gay Marriage caused the mass shootings in Connecticut. James Dobson, who in 2010 retired from a Christian conservative group he founded in 1977 called â€Å"Focus on the Family,† told listeners of his â€Å"Dr. James Dobson’s Family Talk Show† that the massacre at Sandy Hook was a result of Americans turning their back on God. Now to President Obama, as he went to Sandy Hook and showed his appreciation towards that situation, our own President believes Gays should have the right to be able to be married to each other. President Obama became the first sitting president to announce his support for same-sex marriage. At first, Obama was sensitive to the fact that to a lot of the people, the word marriage, was something that evokes very powerful decisions, religious beliefs, and so forth. But over the course of time as he talked to friends and family, when he thinks about members of his own staff who are in committed same-sex relationships, who are even raising kids together, at a certain point he concluded that for him personally, it is important to him to go ahead and affirm that he believes same-sex couples, should be able to get married. Before same-sex marriage laws were passed in Connecticut, some laws made it unfair towards people who are in same-sex relationships. For example, when person one goes to the hospital because he is sick, only someone who is married, or is family is allowed to visit, and find out certain information about the patient. So if person number two is in a same-sex relationship with person one, they did not have the ability to visit person one. Strictly because they were not married, because they couldn’t. And Obama believed certain aspects, such as that one, weren’t equal to gay and lesbian relationships. These gay and lesbian relationships are happening all over the world and the community will continue to rise. The US Government is one of the only decision makers when it comes to such high priority cases like these. Legalization will either continue to grow, or it will stop. People’s beliefs are their own, and once a person believes they can do something it is hard to stop them. Especially in a situation like this. Religious groups and protestors will do their best to prevent from Gay Marriages from happening. While President Obama continues to endorse his opinion and support to same-sex marriages. Now that you have heard me speak to you about this and are more aware of the situation at hand, where will you stand? How to cite Gay Marriage, Papers Gay Marriage Free Essays 1. Obsession with Diets Is Dangerous; 2. School Uniform Should Be a Must for Students; 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Gay Marriage or any similar topic only for you Order Now †Harry Potter† Should Be on the List of School Literature; 4. Online Slang Should Be Treated Like a Part of Teenage Subculture; 5. Vegetarianism Is not a Healthy Lifestyle; 6. Children Need Private Space Just as Adults Do; 7. Friendship Between a Man and a Woman Is Possible; 8. Parents Should not Tell Children Tales About Birds and Bees; 9. Cartoon Violence Should not Be Censored; 10. Junk Food Must Be Avoided at All Costs; 11. The Earth Needs People’s Help: Industries Must Be More Environment-Friendly; 12. Team Spirit as the Basis of Coordination between Employees and Managers; 13. Art Should not Be a Protest Against the Hardships of Reality; 14. Democracy as the Only Reasonable System of Government; 15. Freedom Is the Ultimate Necessity of Human Beings; 16. The Losing Edge: Gambling Is a Dangerous Passion; 17. Ten Reasons Why People Should Play PC Games; 18. Animals Have Rights as Well as People Do: Down with Cruel Treatments! ; 19. Endangered Species Must Be Protected: Prevent Poaching! ; 20. GMO Products Are not as Hazardous as They Are Considered; 21. Christmas Must Be More than a Reason for a Consumption Surge; 22. Horror Movies Must Be Treated as a Means to Experience Adrenalin Rush; 23. †The Simpsons† Should Be Viewed as a Political and Social Satire; 24. Music Should not Be Split into †Lower† and â€Å"Refined† genres; 25. Fashion Models Must not Be Role Models for Girls; 26. Every Teenager Must Get over the Stage of Having an Idol; 27. Chupacabras: The Ultimate Proof of the Spooky Creatures’ Existence; 28. The Existence of Life on Mars Is Possible; 29. Atlantis Did Exist: The Ultimate Proof; 30. Poeple Should Treat their Pets like Members of Their Family. 31. Abortion 32. Adoption 33. Affirmative Action Laws 34. Aids choices for Life 35. Air Bags 36. Aliens and UFO’s: Yes or no 37. Amnesty: Should prisoners receive this? 38. Animal Rights 39. Are there Angels among us? 40. Assisted Suicide 41. Bigamy 42. Birth Control 43. Books: are they a thing of the past 44. Breast Feeding in Public 45. Breast Implants 46. Beauty is more than skin deep 47. Brand Names cost more, but is the quality any better 48. Budgeting as well as spending 49. Campus Issues – Dating 50. Campus Issues – Greek Life 51. Campus Issues – Student Fees 52. Campus Issues – Student Funding 53. Campus Issues – Student Govt. 54. Campus Issues – Student Life 55. Campus Issues – Technology 56. Capital Punishment 57. Censorship of Internet 58. Chat Rooms: Are they safe 59. City Curfews 60. Cloning 61. Conservation and Recycling: Is it Important 62. Cults Kill 63. Does Dieting lead to Eating Disorders 64. Discrimination Laws 65. Divorce: Does it destroy children 66. Donor Insemination: Selling Babies 67. Dr. Kevorkian 68. Drinking Age 69. Drug Legalization 70. Drunk Driving 71. Eating Less Meat 72. Ebonics 73. Euthanasia 74. Feminism 75. Filtering Internet 76. Food Additives 77. Food Stamps 78. Foreign Policy 79. Fur is not a Fashion Statement (using animal fur for coats) 80. Should American companies go overseas for workers? 81. Gay Marriages 82. Gene Testing 83. Genetic Engineering 84. Ghosts: Are they real 85. Global Warming: Fact or Fiction 86. Government Regulation of Utilities 87. Gun Laws 88. Gun Control 89. Human Cloning 90. Hunting Laws 91. Illiteracy: Is it a problem 92. Immigrants and Illegal Aliens 93. Immunity Rights for Political Leaders 94. Legalizing Marijuana 95. Legalized Gambling 96. Mandatory Seatbelt Laws 97. Media Ethics 98. Medicare 99. Mothers should stay at home 100. Nuclear Weapons 101. Online Gambling 102. Organ Transplants 103. Pesticide Use 04. Prayer in Schools 105. Priests: Should they be allowed to marry? 106. Privacy rights for Celebrities 107. Public Office Terms 108. Reincarnation 109. Religions: Should they interfere with medical care? 110. Right to own Pitbulls 111. Smoking in Public Places 112. Space Program 113. Speed Limits 114. Steroids 115. Is stomach stapling the way to lose weight? 116. Tax Laws 117. Terrorism 1 18. Test Tube Babies 119. Tobacco 120. Unemployment Compensation 121. Women in the Military 122. Wrestling and Football: Should girls be allowed? 123. Is home schooling better than schooling from an institute? 124. Should there be a special class given on the dangers of smoking and drinking in school? 125. Should the academic requirements of a school be waived off for athletes? 126. Are same-sex schools better than co-ed schools? 127. Should the grade system be done away with or does it motivate students to learn better? 128. Should school uniforms be made compulsory? 129. Should sex education be imparted in school or by the parents? 130. Should there be a censorship maintained for some of the television programs? 131. Is the Internet spoiling the kids? 132. Should we have to study something that is not related to our major? 133. Should physical exercise be included in the syllabus? 134. Should school hours be extended so that students can do their homework in school itself? Or should they take it home? 135. Should school prayers include ethnic prayers or should they be completely banned? 136. Should school lockers be allowed to be searched for security purposes? 137. Should exams be scrapped for alternative systems of grading? Environmental Issues * Environmentalists are misusing the term sustainable development. * Harnessing  renewable energy sources  like wind energy, hydroelectricity, biomass and solar power should be encouraged by the government. Ocean acidification endangers marine organisms. * The advantages of an inter-cropping system for sustainable plant production * The concerns about ozone depletion in Earth’s stratosphere. * Global warming  demands more global action * Our consumerism has killed the earth * Impact of biomagnification on environment * Impact of oil spills  in oceans * The effect of industrialization on nature * Impact of plastic bag deposition on environment Education * The  importance of higher education * Benefits of a college degree * Tuition voucher programs upgrade academic performances. Video conferencing could be the solution for improving classes in rural areas. * Online teaching should be given equal importance as regular teaching * Introduction of interactive classes in theory classes * Arts classes can foster greater awareness of the world around you * Introduction of  sex education in school  and college * Encouragement of creative activities in college * The goals of student council election * Intercultural education should be encouraged * Introduction of effective  character education  course in the curriculum * Inculcating religious tolerance in students Discrimination based on caste, creed, country and ethnicity Laws and Ethics * Warning signs that a child is being  cyber bullied. * Bank account holders can be bette r protected than they are now * Everyone should have access to health care services. * Animal testing  and cloning practices should be banned * Should abortion be legalized? * Feminism could help improve the position of females in Africa * Regulation of  euthanasia laws * The laws for infringement of intellectual property, piracy and patents should be strictly enforced * Capital punishment to combat criminalism Knowledge of  human rights  is essential * Measures to check juvenile crime Social/ Family Concerns * Bigamy should be strictly prohibited * Arguments for gay marriage * Family violence is a major cause of relationship break ups * Reasons behind increase in  single parent  families * Surrogacy should be encouraged * Hassles of emigration and relocation * The correct ways to deal with family problems (divorce, infidelity, etc) * Importance of freedom of speech * Family planning, a measure to control population * The truth behind long lasting relationships * The cor rect ways to groom your child Managing cost of living Work and Business * Implementation of  DMAIC process  for business development * Importance of  effective communication in the workplace * Correct measures for  retention of employees * Importance of knowledge management in an organization * Introduction of stress buster activities in office * Conditions for good franchising business agreements * Background check should be mandatory before hiring employees * Top ten strategic e-marketing issues * Proven methods and insights to run successful retail business operations * Ergonomics in the workplace Backing up trade secrets with a signed confidential agreement * Business ethics and social responsibility General Issues * The positive effects of the growing number of seniors in cyberspace. * Dangers of having a credit card debt when you are a high school student. * The  mystery of Bermuda Triangle. * Skinny models are setting a bad example for teenagers * The future of scie nce and technology * Exams should not be mandatory * Sports as a unifying factor for the world * Organ donation, a measure to save lives. * Breast feeding in public should be allowed modestly * Public display of affection should be banned Importance of morals and ethics in journalism * Censorship of Internet * Safety of chat rooms * Impact of excessive use of social networks on children and adults * Privacy rights for celebrities * Banning of smoking in public places  is necessary Rigging of movie rating system. Mandatory Voting. Compulsory uniform for college students. Forget about the past. Free health insurance for all. Increase in wages with the increase in gas prices. Open book exams. Install safety lights in college parking lots. Healthy lifestyle – why not become a vegetarian? Lose weight to change your lifestyle! Is lying necessary to maintain good relationships? Plan for the future – good or bad? Reduce consumption of junk food. Start leading. Making it compulsory for parent and teachers to meet after specified period of time. Don’t accept college credit card offers. Raising of the minimum amount earned by an individual. Controversial Persuasive Speech Topics Controversial topics are such that people have a certain opinion about a particular topic. There may be several people who may have a different opinion compared to yours, so you need to present it such a way that your opinion does not hurt the sentiments of others. Some of the controversial college speech topics include: Does luck play an important part in the success of a person? Should an adopted child know who his/her birth parents are? Should juveniles be meted the same punishment as adults for the same crime? Is global warming a reality? Legalization/non legalization of marijuana. Promotion/non promotion of violence in video games. Is human cloning good/bad? Should religious education be provided along with public education? Should companies producing guns be held responsible for crimes involving guns? Should single parent adopt a child? Good Persuasive Speech Topics Whatever you choose, an interesting topic to talk about has two sides to it, but if you are a good orator, you can change the opinions of the people. Some of the good persuasive speech ideas are mentioned below, and they may include some controversial topics as well. Is there any justification of terrorism? Influence of television on students. Should sex education be made compulsory? Pros and cons of internet dating. Are vampires real? Is there life after death? Read more at Buzzle:  http://www. buzzle. com/articles/persuasive-speech-topics-for-college-students. html How to cite Gay Marriage, Essay examples Gay marriage Free Essays Creating discrimination against same-sex couples. People of faith are the biggest advocates against same-sex marriages. With the belief that marriage is the foundation for procreation, same-sex couples, without the ability to have their own child, should not be allowed the right of marriage. We will write a custom essay sample on Gay marriage or any similar topic only for you Order Now Seeing that there are many rights and responsibilities associated with marriage, same-sex couples are denied these and are being discriminated against. Same-sex couples are denied the right to make decisions regarding their partner’s health and medical treatment. This emotional trauma, as well as the inability to adopt one another’s children, is experienced by same-sex couples every day. Although many states have adopted civil unions, they are separate and unequal. Same-sex marriage should be legalized to create equality and eliminate the injustice involving same-sex couples. The legalization of same-sex arriage has been a battle that has been raging since the late twentieth century. By not allowing same-sex marriage, the United Sates is creating discrimination against same-sex couples. People of faith are the biggest advocates against same-sex marriages. With the belief that marriage is the foundation for procreation, same-sex couples, without the ability to have their own child, should not be allowed the right of marriage. Seeing that there are many rights and responsibilities associated with arriage, same-sex couples are denied these and are being discriminated against. Same-sex couples are denied the right to make decisions regarding their partner’s health and medical treatment. This emotional trauma, as well as the inability to adopt one another’s children, is experienced by same-sex couples every day. Although many states have adopted civil unions, they are separate and unequal. Same-sex marriage should be legalized to create equality and eliminate the injustice involving same-sex couples. How to cite Gay marriage, Papers Gay Marriage Free Essays Gay Marriage BY gapping Gay Marriage: The Struggle for Equal Rights Gerald Priest Gene. 195 July 2, 2014 Lily David Since the age of dawn people have fought for equal rights, Blacks, Mexicans and women Just to name a few. In this day of age by now everyone should have equal rights but they do not. We will write a custom essay sample on Gay Marriage or any similar topic only for you Order Now The gay and lesbian community is still struggling for equal rights. Gays and lesbian want rights Just like everyone else like marriage. Gay marriage is important to the gay and lesbian community to make them feel equal, have the benefits like others and be socially accepted. Equal Rights In February 2014, Arizona government introduced SHABBY. SHABBY is a bill that would allow business owners in Arizona to legally deny service to same sex couples by citing their religious beliefs. Governor Jan Brewer vetoed SHABBY, Brewer citied â€Å"unintended and negative consequences† (Broody, 2014 peg. 56). Equal rights is a given right, well not exactly. If someone falls into a certain group or community, like the gay and lesbian community, their rights are very limited. Marriage is one of those rights that the gay and lesbian community does not have. Marriage is a human right which should be allowed for everyone and not discriminate others. Benefits Benefits plays a major role in gay marriage, not only for finances but medical wise. For example there is a gay couple, not married because the state does not allow it, and one of them becomes very ill and passes away. Well the other partner does not have any rights to claim his partner’s body, his partner’s family does. The partner can not even plan the funeral or even keep anything that was his partner’s. Sometimes this is the case because their family never liked their child being with the same sex, so they punish their child’s partner by doing so. So having that title as being married is very important. Most Jobs you have to be married to receive your partner’s benefits but how if the state will not allow them to marry. In an article it states, â€Å"The Defense of Marriage Act by the Congress of the U. S. Prevents the same-sex partners from receiving benefits† (Passe, 2012 peg. 459-472). This is Congress denying benefits, their rights to gays and lesbians. Social Acceptance When society see two guys holding hands or even kissing, they call them names, throw things at them, give them dirty looks or even worst cases kill them. Now it is kind of different when people see two girls hold hands or even kiss. Society views says and lesbians as a disgrace, they look down on them like they are not even humans. Gays and lesbians Just want to walk and hold hands without the fear of society showing negative behavior. â€Å"Although sharply divided, public attitudes toward gays and lesbians are rapidly changing to reflect greater acceptance, with younger generations leading the way (Harms, 2011). † Gays and lesbians have seen a change in society, society is a bit more accepting than how it used to be slowly but surely. Conclusion The gay and lesbian community has overcame struggles to get to where they are at today, but still going through more struggles. The importance of gay marriage is equal rights, benefits and being socially accepted. How to cite Gay Marriage, Papers Gay Marriage Free Essays Ariel Stanley College Comp I Argumentative Essay September 25, 2012 Gay Marriage: Right or Wrong? There has been much controversy on the subject of gay marriage. Obamas recent outspokenness on the issue has made the subject of whether or not gay marriage is appropriate pop up again in the news and media in 2007, when he said â€Å"I do† to gay marriage a lot of people that have strong anti-gay feelings. I believe that people should be able to get married no matter what sexual orientation they are, because love comes in all shapes and sizes. We will write a custom essay sample on Gay Marriage or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to The National Opinion Research Center in 1973 the people that believed that gay sex was â€Å"always wrong† was a shocking 73%. And from then till 1990 the percentage rose another 3% to an all-time high of 76%. But soon after in the beginning of the 21st century that number has dropped sixteen points down to 60%. It fell another six points in the following two years. After Obama’s speech in 2007 the number fell again dramatically to a record low of 35% of people. On the other hand in 1996 Gallup found that the number of people that supported same-sex marriage was 26% of people and in 2003 that number has risen to 39%. I believe that gay marriage should be allowed because it is the people’s personal decision whether or not they wish to get married to a person of the same sex. I believe they should not be discriminated against, and I think that they should have the same rights as all people because we as a people are all equal. People argue that marriage is a contract in which a man and a woman are to spend the rest of their lives together, until death do they part. They say because it says between a man and a woman it is against god’s word for people of the same sex to engage in intercourse and get married. Well I say the hell with what was written over two thousand years ago the times have changed and I think people need to get with the fucking times you bigoted assholes. Social conservatives may have lost on gay marriage as soon as they started debating it, because of heterosexuals and the sexual revolutions. â€Å"The religious right barnstormed the nation warning against ‘gay marriage’ – with an odd result. For both straight and gay folks, the phrase was transformed from an oxymoron into a real possibility. † As the liberal journalist E. J. Graff has written in the Boston Globe. A lot of homosexual married people have adopted kids even though the social conservatives are strongly against it. I believe that they gay community should be able to get married and have a family, even though there are many people out there that think having two women or men cannot raise a child properly. They argue that you have to have a man and a woman to be to raise a kid properly. The way I look at it is what is better for a kid, sitting in the â€Å"system† waiting for someone to adopt them or maybe they just float through the system for year and years? Or is it better for a child to be adopted by a loving gay couple that will give them the love and caring that they need. I believe that if a couple is truly in love that they should be married regardless of sex, color, or race. There should be no reason that people that truly love each other should be stopped from showing that by getting married. And they should be able to have children whether it is by artificial insemination or adoption. We as a people should not have the right to dictate how others should chose to live their lives, and I believe that we should allow anyone to do what they choose. Works Cited Ponnu, Ramesh. â€Å"coming out ahead :Why Gay Marriage is on the way. † National Review 28 July 2003. Gale Power Search. Web. 24 Sep. 2012 Kurtz, Stanley N. â€Å"Homosexuals Should Not Be Allowed To Mary. † Homosexuality. Ed. Auriana Ojeda. San Diego: Greeenhaven, 2004. Gale Power Search. Web. 25. 2012. Abstract Summary This essay is about whether gays should be allowed to get married or not? There is an argument on the same sex marriage throughout this essay. From why gay rights should happen, to why being gay is so appalling and wrong. How to cite Gay Marriage, Essay examples

Effect of Exercise on Blood Pressure

Question: Discuss about the Report for Effect of Exercise on Blood Pressure. Answer: 1. Blood pressure is defined as the force or pressure exerted by blood against the arterial walls as it flows through them (Waugh, 2015). It maintains the essential in-flow and out flow of the blood from the heart to body organs through the blood vessels. The blood pressure should always be kept in normal limits. If blood pressure is raised, it may rupture the blood vessels and if blood pressure is lowered, there will be insufficient tissue and organ perfusion. Both are highly fatal conditions. Usually when the blood flows through the arteries, a pressure is exerted. Systolic blood pressure is the maximum degree of pressure exerted by blood on the blood vessel wall during the ventricular systole when the left ventricle pumps the blood into the aorta (Waugh, 2015, Sembulingam, 2001). It is also called arterial blood pressure. In adults it ranges from 110- 140 mmHg or 16kPa. Diastolic blood pressure is the minimum degree of pressure that is present during cardiac diastole and the heart is in complete resting state following the ejection of blood and just before the left ventricular contraction. In adults it ranges from 60- 80mmHg or 11kPa (Waugh, 2015, Sembulingam, 2001). Pulse pressure is defined as the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures (Tortora, 2010). The normal pulse pressure is 40 mmHg (Sembulingam, 2001). A sphygmomanometer is used to check blood pressure. Blood pressure is always written as the diastolic blood pressure below the systolic blood pressure. BP=120/80 mmHg or 16/11kPa ((Waugh, 2015, Lewis, 2004). Generally, the arteries transport blood from the heart and perfuse the tissues and internal organs. The arteries have three layers as outer, middle and inner layer. A pressure wave is generated in the elastic tissues of middle layer (tunica media) when the heart contracts causing stretching of the wall (Tortora, 2010, VanPutte, 2012). Arterioles pose resistance to blood flow called resistance vessels to determine the systemic blood pressure. When the left ventricle contracts, blood is pumped into the aorta and so the aorta expands and recoils to push blood for tissue perfusion. Expansion and recoiling is noted through the entire arterial system. The diastolic pressure is maintained by the elastic recoil of the arteries. Mean arterial pressure is defined as the average pressure present in the arteries (Marieb, (2012). This is measured by adding one third of pulse pressure and the diastolic pressure. As the diastolic time is longer than the systolic time, it helps to determine the diastolic pressure. The normal value of mean arterial pressure is 93 mm Hg (Smelter, 2002). 2. Table 1 Frequency and the Class Average Percentage Changes of blood pressure during exercise Category Pulse pressure (mm Hg) Pulse pressure Frequency N Class average percentage P Optimal (no pressure change) 3 7 Mild (1- 20) 23 52 Moderate (21- 40) 11 25 Severe (above 40) 4 9 Decreased (below 0) 3 7 Table 1 show that exercise affects the pulse pressure apparantly. It is noted that the majority (52 %) of the people had mild changes in pulse pressure. Most of the people (25 %) showed moderate increase and 9% showed severely increased pulse pressure. 7 % remained optimal with no pressure change. In contrast, 7% showed a decrease in pulse pressure. Therefore it is evident that the difference in blood pressure during exercise is apparent. 3. Regulation and control of blood pressure while resting Blood pressure often changes due to the regulatory mechanisms in the body. There are four regulatory systems as short term (nervous) regulatory system, long term (renal) regulatory system, hormonal and local regulation. 1. Short term regulation- It is a rapid mechanism. It causes vasoconstriction or vasodilatation to regulate the blood pressure. The cardiovascular centre located in the pons and medulla oblongata controls the blood pressure. The baroreceptors, chemoreceptors and higher centers in the brain send impulses to the cardiovascular centre that integrates and coordinates the impulses (Tate, 2012). This centre sends sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves (autonomic nerves) to the heart and smooth muscles in the middle layer. It causes vasodilatation or vasoconstriction causing an increase or decrease in the heart rate and thereby controls the blood pressure. They control the volume of blood in the vessels by changing the diameter of the blood vessel lumen. There are no innervations of parasympathetic nerves in most of the blood vessel and so the degree of sympathetic nerve activity determines the diameter of the blood vessel (Jenkins, 2010). The constriction of the smooth muscle occurs due to the vasoconstricting action of sympathetic nerves that increases the pressure in the blood vessels. The relaxation of smooth muscle occurs due to the decreased sympathetic nerve stimulation causing vasodilatation (Sembulingam, 2001, Antonio, 2014). Chopra in 2011 reported that the autonomic nervous system controls the local and global blood flow by causing changes in cardiac output and blo od pressure. Baroreceptors (pressure receptors): They are situated in the aortic and carotid sinuses. These are highly sensitive to changes in pressure within the blood vessel. This is the main regulatory mechanism of our body. The increased blood pressure stimulates the baroreceptors which increases their impulses to the cardiovascular centre. This increases parasympathetic nerve activity to the heart that decreases heart rate, cardiac output and ultimately blood pressure. At the same time, blood pressure is decreased by inhibiting the sympathetic activity to the blood vessels causing vasodilatation. If there is decreased blood pressure, baroreceptors are inactivated and it acts vice versa (Waugh, 2015, Antonio, 2014). Chemoreceptor: These are nerve endings situated in the carotid and aortic bodies and are primarily involved in control of respiration. The chemical constituents of blood sensitize chemoreceptors. Chemoreceptors are stimulated by increased PCO2 and hydrogen ions and decreased PO2 (Tate, 2012). This activates cardiovascular centre that increases sympathetic activity to the heart and blood vessels and causes vasoconstriction. This increases stroke volume, heart rate and ultimately increases BP. Conversely, in case of decreased hydrogen ions, and PCO2 and increased PO2, it acts vice versa and decreases BP. (Garrett, 2013). Chemoreceptors are activated only when there is severe respiratory disruption and blood pressure below 80mm Hg. Higher centers in the brain: The blood pressure is increased at times of emotional states such as pain, fear, and anger that stimulate the cardiovascular centre by increasing vasomotor tone. Vasodilatation is caused by stimulation of anterior hypothalamus that decreases blood pressure while vasoconstriction is caused by stimulation of posterior hypothalamus that increases blood pressure. Long term blood pressure regulation: It is exerted by kidneys. They regulate blood pressure in two ways as (a). Regulation of extracellular fluid volume: when the blood volume is increased, there is an increase in the extracellular fluid volume that increases blood pressure. At the time of increased pressure, more amounts of fluid and sodium are excreted that decreases blood pressure by reducing extracellular fluid volume (Sembulingam, 2001). (b). Renin- angiotension mechanism: When there is decreased blood pressure, renin is secreted by juxtaglomerular apparatus which acts on angiotensinogen and converts it into angiotension I. By the action of converting enzyme secreted from lungs angiotension I is converted into angiotension II (Waugh, 2015). Angiotension II causes vasoconstriction that increases peripheral resistance and blood pressure. Angiotension II also stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone which increases sodium resorption from renal tubules thereby increasing blood pressure (Tate, 2012). Hormonal regulation: Many hormones have an effect on blood pressure. Secretion of few hormones like adrenaline, noradrenaline, vasopressin,aldosterone, angiotension, thyroxine, and serotonin increases blood pressure whereas bradykinin, prostaglandins, histamine, acetylcholine, atrial natriuretic peptide decreases blood pressure (Sembulingam, 2001). Local regulation: The local vasoconstrictor substances originate from the endothelium known as endothelin. These substances activate phospholipase which again activates prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 causing stretching of the blood vessels. This causes vasoconstriction that increases blood pressure. The blood pressure is decreased by some local vasodilators that are metabolic and endothelial origin. 4. Effects of exercise on blood pressure and its regulation Exercise increases metabolic needs of the cells, tissues and muscles and is of two types as dynamic and static exercise (Douglas, 2012). When the exercise involves the isotonic muscular contraction with external work, it is termed as dynamic exercise. In this type, the heart rate, contractile force of heart, cardiac output and systolic blood pressure increases. As the peripheral resistance remains unaltered or decreased in dynamic exercise, the diastolic blood pressure remains unaltered or reduced as supported by a study conducted by Kelley in 2000. When the exercise involves isometric muscular contraction without external work, it is called as static exercise. In this, the heart rate, contractile force of heart, cardiac output and systolic blood pressure increases and even diastolic blood pressure increases due to increase in peripheral resistance. Blood pressure varies based on the severity of exercise. In severe exercise, blood pressure increases whereas there is no change in blood pressure during moderate and mild exercise. The blood pressure depends on the cardiac output (CO) and peripheral vascular resistance (R). It is expressed as BP= CO X R. (Smelter, 2002). Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped from each ventricle (Marieb, 2012). During exercise, cardiac output increases which in turn increases blood pressure. During exercise the heart rate increases. Even the thought of exercise or preparation for it increases heart rate. The heart rate is increased to 180 beats /min in case of moderate exercise and reaches 240-260 beats/min in severe exercise. It thereby increases the stroke volume and blood pressure. Stroke volume is defined as the amount of blood pumped from each ventricle during each contraction. The normal stroke volume ranges from 60 to 80 ml (Marieb, 2012). The exercise increases venous return that increases ventricular filling, cardiac output. This ultimately increases systolic and diastolic pressure and thereby pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure increases. This is evident from the given study that exercise has increased the systolic pressure to 22 mmHg, diastolic pressure to 16 mmHg, pulse pressure to 17 mmHg and mean arterial pressure to 10 mmHg. It was found that exercise has increased both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in females whereas it has increased only the systolic pressure apparently but decreased the diastolic pressure in most of the males. It was noted that few subjects have no change in their blood pressure after exercise. It was evident from table 1 that exercise has increased pulse pressure apparently except in few males. During exercise, large amount of metabolic end products are produced (Douglas, 2012). The accumulation of these products occurs mostly in skeletal muscles that causes vasodilatation. Therefore the blood pressure slightly decreases after the exercise. But the BP returns to normal quickly. Hypoxia may occur at the time of strenuous exercise. This stimulates chemoreceptors that activates cardiovascular centre which in turn increases sympathetic activity to the heart and blood vessels. 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