Summary Of Hester s The Scarlet Red Letter - 955 Words

This story begins in 17th century Boston. Hester Prynne the main character in this story is led out of prison carrying a baby in her arms. The child’s name is Pearl. Hester had a scarlet red letter â€Å"A† on her chest. This â€Å"A† means â€Å"able† or â€Å"adulteress†. She is then led to a platform for public shame. While she is up there she sees her long lost husband Roger Chillingworth in the crowd. Chillingworth recognizes her and acts like he doesn’t know Hester; he then learns her crime from a man in the crowd. Hester while waiting for Chillingworth to come to the New World, she committed adultery resulting in her having a baby and the scarlet â€Å"A† on her chest. Chillingworth poses as a doctor so that he can get inside the prison to talk to†¦show more content†¦Hester is obviously shocked at this; she then looks over and sees Chillingworth smiling at her. Chillingworth will do just about anything to keep Hester unhappy; he indulges himself in making Hester and Dimmesdale mentally and emotionally suffer for what they have done. After Dimmesdale’s speech he walks over to Hester and Pearl who were standing next to the scaffold of the pillory. Dimmesdale then stretches forth his hand and calls Hester and Pearl to come over to him. Pearl immediately comes to him and hugs at his knees. That instant, Chillingworth throws himself through the crowd and grabs hold of Dimmesdale’s arm. Dimmesdale then says that Chillingworth is too late and that he shall escape Chillingworth’s power over him. Dimmesdale calls Hester to come to him; the crowd was in an uproar at this scene. He then tells the crowd that he stands on the spot where he should have stood several years ago with Hester at the time she was shamed. He tears off his shirt and reveals a scarlet letter on his chest! Dimmesdale then kneels down as he felt death come upon him. He asks Pearl to kiss him, and so she does. The s pell was now broken and Dimmesdale dies. Hester and Pearl leave Boston not long after this event. Soon after Chillingworth dies and leaves a large amount of wealth for Pearl; she becomes the richest heiress of her day in the New World. Hester then returns to Boston to live the rest of her days in her old cottage. Hester dies severalShow MoreRelatedReview Of Upon Returning From The Forest 1577 Words   |  7 PagesUpon returning from the forest, everything appears different to DImmesdale. Hester saddened and Pearl celebrating his departure, Dimmesdale encounters various people on his way back to his studies. Firstly, he encounters a church elder, whom Dimmesdale, â€Å"by the most careful self-control...could refrain from uttering certain blasphemous suggestions that rose into his mind, respecting the communion-supper.† (149) Second, Dimmesdale met an elderly widow, â€Å"poor...lonely, and with a heart as full of reminiscencesRead MoreIs The Scarlet Letter A Feminist Nove l?1659 Words   |  7 PagesIs The Scarlet Letter a Feminist Novel? Women all have something in common: they have all encountered a form of gender-based discrimination. Some women in countries have experienced harsher segregations than others. For instance, women in Pakistan have experienced severe discrimination a prohibition of education. One woman who is well known for being an activist for the education of women is Malala Yousafzai. Malala is a woman who has inspired many oppressed others to fight for their education.Read MoreSummary : The Rose Bush 3603 Words   |  15 Pagesthe moral of the story if they reader can pick it up or as something to look back to because of the darkness and sadness of this story. Chapter 2 Quotes â€Å"On the breast of her gown, in fine red cloth, surrounded with an elaborate embroidery and fantastic flourishes of gold-thread, appeared the letter A. It was so artistically done, and with so much fertility and gorgeous luxuriance of fancy.† â€Å"The young woman was tall, with a figure of perfect elegance, on a large scale. She had dark and abundantRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesas description, dialogue and action. Other incidents will be given relatively less emphasis through deliberate subordination. In the latter case, the author may shorten the dramatic elements of the scene or eliminate them altogether in favour of summary – in favour of telling, rather than showing. All these episodes, major or minor, need to advance the plot in precisely the same way or at the same pace, although the reader does have the right to expect that each will contribute in some way to a completed

Gay Marriage Free Essays

When I say â€Å"marriage,† what is the first thing that comes to mind? Is it the cake? The bride? The ring? Does main Government Issue cross your mind? I bet it didn’t at all. It doesn’t seem like that would be a main issue since marriage is legal in America everywhere you go. But once â€Å"same-sex† or â€Å"Gay†, is in front of the word, a heated debate begins to arise, and a fight for equality around the states being to erupt. We will write a custom essay sample on Gay Marriage or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gay Marriage is right up there with War, Health Care, and Immigration. The United States have been in discussion about Gay Marriage for years now, and the moment you think the issue is resolved and fixed, a Politician brings it back into play. Gay Marriage is an issue that continues to progress because a President finally admits that they support it, Connecticut is one of the first three states to approve it, and other states continue to appeal the decision. Marriage is a basic civil right, and whatever you believe is what you believe. Gay Marriage laws will affect people of heterosexual marriages also. Being Gay is a choice and something you decide. In certain Religions, being Gay is an abomination and would never stand up in a court of law. This presentation will be useful because it will give the audience a good understanding of what is going on and why this is all happening. This speech will be well educated, but also very understanding. Now in 2004, the Connecticut case took place when eight same-sex couples were denied marriage licenses by the town of Madison. They sued, saying their constitutional rights to equal protection and due process were violated. Connecticut legalized marriages of same-sex couples on November 12th, 2008. Connecticut was the third state to do so after California and Massachusetts. The ruling of four to three, came in just weeks before Californians go to the polls on a historic gay-marriage ballot question. The first time the issue will be put before voters in a state where same-sex couples are legally wed. This is the first time that a state that had willingly offered an alternative to marriage was told by a court that civil unions aren’t enough to protect the rights of gay couples. Connecticut was the first state to voluntarily pass laws to affirm civil unions. In the majority opinion, Justice Richard N. Palmer wrote that denying marriage to same-sex couples would create separate standards. â€Å"Interpreting our state constitutional provisions in accordance with firmly established equal protection principles leads inevitably to the conclusion that gay persons are entitled to marry the otherwise qualified same sex partner of their choice. † The Family Institute of Connecticut, a political action group that opposes gay marriage, called the ruling outrageous. â€Å"Even the legislature, as liberal as ours, decided that marriage is between man and a woman,† said executive director Peter Wolfgang. â€Å"This is about our right to govern ourselves. It is bigger than gay marriage. † These people who I have quoted are highly respected within the Government in Connecticut. In some certain place, they know someone close to them who has had to deal with situations within this debate. This topic has been very controversial, and it has taken a toll on the people who are the ones being criticized, possibly someone within a political action group. And those are the Gays, Lesbians and Bisexual. These group of people have been treated unequally throughout the years. Fighting to become married with their loved ones, and never succeeding in the past years made each and every one of them who they are today. Having the decision to become gay or lesbian is all about your preference and choice. Being with that someone of the same-sex, in a conscious state of mind, and having the label as being married means more than a Government Law. It means believing in what you believe in as a person and doing what some say was impossible to do. Marriage is a process that seems difficult, but as a heterosexual couple trying to get married, it is pretty simple. So why is it that when â€Å"Gay† is put in front of marriage it becomes a heated debate and can never be resolved? Certain religious groups feel that same-sex marriage should not be allowed in Connecticut, and protestors believe the same thing. They believe this debate should not be resolved and if it is it should be illegal in not just Connecticut, but in the entire United States. Justice Peter T. Zarella wrote that he believes there is no fundamental right to same-sex marriage, and the courts majority failed to discuss the purpose of marriage laws, which he said is to â€Å"privilege and regulate procreative conduct. † Zarella also added, â€Å"The ancient definition of marriage is that as a union of one man and one woman has its basis in biology, not bigotry. If the state no longer has an interest on the regulation of procreation, then that is the decision for the legislature or the people of the state and not this court. † Some groups even take it a step further to say, Gay Marriage caused the mass shootings in Connecticut. James Dobson, who in 2010 retired from a Christian conservative group he founded in 1977 called â€Å"Focus on the Family,† told listeners of his â€Å"Dr. James Dobson’s Family Talk Show† that the massacre at Sandy Hook was a result of Americans turning their back on God. Now to President Obama, as he went to Sandy Hook and showed his appreciation towards that situation, our own President believes Gays should have the right to be able to be married to each other. President Obama became the first sitting president to announce his support for same-sex marriage. At first, Obama was sensitive to the fact that to a lot of the people, the word marriage, was something that evokes very powerful decisions, religious beliefs, and so forth. But over the course of time as he talked to friends and family, when he thinks about members of his own staff who are in committed same-sex relationships, who are even raising kids together, at a certain point he concluded that for him personally, it is important to him to go ahead and affirm that he believes same-sex couples, should be able to get married. Before same-sex marriage laws were passed in Connecticut, some laws made it unfair towards people who are in same-sex relationships. For example, when person one goes to the hospital because he is sick, only someone who is married, or is family is allowed to visit, and find out certain information about the patient. So if person number two is in a same-sex relationship with person one, they did not have the ability to visit person one. Strictly because they were not married, because they couldn’t. And Obama believed certain aspects, such as that one, weren’t equal to gay and lesbian relationships. These gay and lesbian relationships are happening all over the world and the community will continue to rise. The US Government is one of the only decision makers when it comes to such high priority cases like these. Legalization will either continue to grow, or it will stop. People’s beliefs are their own, and once a person believes they can do something it is hard to stop them. Especially in a situation like this. Religious groups and protestors will do their best to prevent from Gay Marriages from happening. While President Obama continues to endorse his opinion and support to same-sex marriages. Now that you have heard me speak to you about this and are more aware of the situation at hand, where will you stand? How to cite Gay Marriage, Papers Gay Marriage Free Essays 1. Obsession with Diets Is Dangerous; 2. School Uniform Should Be a Must for Students; 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Gay Marriage or any similar topic only for you Order Now †Harry Potter† Should Be on the List of School Literature; 4. Online Slang Should Be Treated Like a Part of Teenage Subculture; 5. Vegetarianism Is not a Healthy Lifestyle; 6. Children Need Private Space Just as Adults Do; 7. Friendship Between a Man and a Woman Is Possible; 8. Parents Should not Tell Children Tales About Birds and Bees; 9. Cartoon Violence Should not Be Censored; 10. Junk Food Must Be Avoided at All Costs; 11. The Earth Needs People’s Help: Industries Must Be More Environment-Friendly; 12. Team Spirit as the Basis of Coordination between Employees and Managers; 13. Art Should not Be a Protest Against the Hardships of Reality; 14. Democracy as the Only Reasonable System of Government; 15. Freedom Is the Ultimate Necessity of Human Beings; 16. The Losing Edge: Gambling Is a Dangerous Passion; 17. Ten Reasons Why People Should Play PC Games; 18. Animals Have Rights as Well as People Do: Down with Cruel Treatments! ; 19. Endangered Species Must Be Protected: Prevent Poaching! ; 20. GMO Products Are not as Hazardous as They Are Considered; 21. Christmas Must Be More than a Reason for a Consumption Surge; 22. Horror Movies Must Be Treated as a Means to Experience Adrenalin Rush; 23. †The Simpsons† Should Be Viewed as a Political and Social Satire; 24. Music Should not Be Split into †Lower† and â€Å"Refined† genres; 25. Fashion Models Must not Be Role Models for Girls; 26. Every Teenager Must Get over the Stage of Having an Idol; 27. Chupacabras: The Ultimate Proof of the Spooky Creatures’ Existence; 28. The Existence of Life on Mars Is Possible; 29. Atlantis Did Exist: The Ultimate Proof; 30. Poeple Should Treat their Pets like Members of Their Family. 31. Abortion 32. Adoption 33. Affirmative Action Laws 34. Aids choices for Life 35. Air Bags 36. Aliens and UFO’s: Yes or no 37. Amnesty: Should prisoners receive this? 38. Animal Rights 39. Are there Angels among us? 40. Assisted Suicide 41. Bigamy 42. Birth Control 43. Books: are they a thing of the past 44. Breast Feeding in Public 45. Breast Implants 46. Beauty is more than skin deep 47. Brand Names cost more, but is the quality any better 48. Budgeting as well as spending 49. Campus Issues – Dating 50. Campus Issues – Greek Life 51. Campus Issues – Student Fees 52. Campus Issues – Student Funding 53. Campus Issues – Student Govt. 54. Campus Issues – Student Life 55. Campus Issues – Technology 56. Capital Punishment 57. Censorship of Internet 58. Chat Rooms: Are they safe 59. City Curfews 60. Cloning 61. Conservation and Recycling: Is it Important 62. Cults Kill 63. Does Dieting lead to Eating Disorders 64. Discrimination Laws 65. Divorce: Does it destroy children 66. Donor Insemination: Selling Babies 67. Dr. Kevorkian 68. Drinking Age 69. Drug Legalization 70. Drunk Driving 71. Eating Less Meat 72. Ebonics 73. Euthanasia 74. Feminism 75. Filtering Internet 76. Food Additives 77. Food Stamps 78. Foreign Policy 79. Fur is not a Fashion Statement (using animal fur for coats) 80. Should American companies go overseas for workers? 81. Gay Marriages 82. Gene Testing 83. Genetic Engineering 84. Ghosts: Are they real 85. Global Warming: Fact or Fiction 86. Government Regulation of Utilities 87. Gun Laws 88. Gun Control 89. Human Cloning 90. Hunting Laws 91. Illiteracy: Is it a problem 92. Immigrants and Illegal Aliens 93. Immunity Rights for Political Leaders 94. Legalizing Marijuana 95. Legalized Gambling 96. Mandatory Seatbelt Laws 97. Media Ethics 98. Medicare 99. Mothers should stay at home 100. Nuclear Weapons 101. Online Gambling 102. Organ Transplants 103. Pesticide Use 04. Prayer in Schools 105. Priests: Should they be allowed to marry? 106. Privacy rights for Celebrities 107. Public Office Terms 108. Reincarnation 109. Religions: Should they interfere with medical care? 110. Right to own Pitbulls 111. Smoking in Public Places 112. Space Program 113. Speed Limits 114. Steroids 115. Is stomach stapling the way to lose weight? 116. Tax Laws 117. Terrorism 1 18. Test Tube Babies 119. Tobacco 120. Unemployment Compensation 121. Women in the Military 122. Wrestling and Football: Should girls be allowed? 123. Is home schooling better than schooling from an institute? 124. Should there be a special class given on the dangers of smoking and drinking in school? 125. Should the academic requirements of a school be waived off for athletes? 126. Are same-sex schools better than co-ed schools? 127. Should the grade system be done away with or does it motivate students to learn better? 128. Should school uniforms be made compulsory? 129. Should sex education be imparted in school or by the parents? 130. Should there be a censorship maintained for some of the television programs? 131. Is the Internet spoiling the kids? 132. Should we have to study something that is not related to our major? 133. Should physical exercise be included in the syllabus? 134. Should school hours be extended so that students can do their homework in school itself? Or should they take it home? 135. Should school prayers include ethnic prayers or should they be completely banned? 136. Should school lockers be allowed to be searched for security purposes? 137. Should exams be scrapped for alternative systems of grading? Environmental Issues * Environmentalists are misusing the term sustainable development. * Harnessing  renewable energy sources  like wind energy, hydroelectricity, biomass and solar power should be encouraged by the government. Ocean acidification endangers marine organisms. * The advantages of an inter-cropping system for sustainable plant production * The concerns about ozone depletion in Earth’s stratosphere. * Global warming  demands more global action * Our consumerism has killed the earth * Impact of biomagnification on environment * Impact of oil spills  in oceans * The effect of industrialization on nature * Impact of plastic bag deposition on environment Education * The  importance of higher education * Benefits of a college degree * Tuition voucher programs upgrade academic performances. Video conferencing could be the solution for improving classes in rural areas. * Online teaching should be given equal importance as regular teaching * Introduction of interactive classes in theory classes * Arts classes can foster greater awareness of the world around you * Introduction of  sex education in school  and college * Encouragement of creative activities in college * The goals of student council election * Intercultural education should be encouraged * Introduction of effective  character education  course in the curriculum * Inculcating religious tolerance in students Discrimination based on caste, creed, country and ethnicity Laws and Ethics * Warning signs that a child is being  cyber bullied. * Bank account holders can be bette r protected than they are now * Everyone should have access to health care services. * Animal testing  and cloning practices should be banned * Should abortion be legalized? * Feminism could help improve the position of females in Africa * Regulation of  euthanasia laws * The laws for infringement of intellectual property, piracy and patents should be strictly enforced * Capital punishment to combat criminalism Knowledge of  human rights  is essential * Measures to check juvenile crime Social/ Family Concerns * Bigamy should be strictly prohibited * Arguments for gay marriage * Family violence is a major cause of relationship break ups * Reasons behind increase in  single parent  families * Surrogacy should be encouraged * Hassles of emigration and relocation * The correct ways to deal with family problems (divorce, infidelity, etc) * Importance of freedom of speech * Family planning, a measure to control population * The truth behind long lasting relationships * The cor rect ways to groom your child Managing cost of living Work and Business * Implementation of  DMAIC process  for business development * Importance of  effective communication in the workplace * Correct measures for  retention of employees * Importance of knowledge management in an organization * Introduction of stress buster activities in office * Conditions for good franchising business agreements * Background check should be mandatory before hiring employees * Top ten strategic e-marketing issues * Proven methods and insights to run successful retail business operations * Ergonomics in the workplace Backing up trade secrets with a signed confidential agreement * Business ethics and social responsibility General Issues * The positive effects of the growing number of seniors in cyberspace. * Dangers of having a credit card debt when you are a high school student. * The  mystery of Bermuda Triangle. * Skinny models are setting a bad example for teenagers * The future of scie nce and technology * Exams should not be mandatory * Sports as a unifying factor for the world * Organ donation, a measure to save lives. * Breast feeding in public should be allowed modestly * Public display of affection should be banned Importance of morals and ethics in journalism * Censorship of Internet * Safety of chat rooms * Impact of excessive use of social networks on children and adults * Privacy rights for celebrities * Banning of smoking in public places  is necessary Rigging of movie rating system. Mandatory Voting. Compulsory uniform for college students. Forget about the past. Free health insurance for all. Increase in wages with the increase in gas prices. Open book exams. Install safety lights in college parking lots. Healthy lifestyle – why not become a vegetarian? Lose weight to change your lifestyle! Is lying necessary to maintain good relationships? Plan for the future – good or bad? Reduce consumption of junk food. Start leading. Making it compulsory for parent and teachers to meet after specified period of time. Don’t accept college credit card offers. Raising of the minimum amount earned by an individual. Controversial Persuasive Speech Topics Controversial topics are such that people have a certain opinion about a particular topic. There may be several people who may have a different opinion compared to yours, so you need to present it such a way that your opinion does not hurt the sentiments of others. Some of the controversial college speech topics include: Does luck play an important part in the success of a person? Should an adopted child know who his/her birth parents are? Should juveniles be meted the same punishment as adults for the same crime? Is global warming a reality? Legalization/non legalization of marijuana. Promotion/non promotion of violence in video games. Is human cloning good/bad? Should religious education be provided along with public education? Should companies producing guns be held responsible for crimes involving guns? Should single parent adopt a child? Good Persuasive Speech Topics Whatever you choose, an interesting topic to talk about has two sides to it, but if you are a good orator, you can change the opinions of the people. Some of the good persuasive speech ideas are mentioned below, and they may include some controversial topics as well. Is there any justification of terrorism? Influence of television on students. Should sex education be made compulsory? Pros and cons of internet dating. Are vampires real? Is there life after death? Read more at Buzzle:  http://www. buzzle. com/articles/persuasive-speech-topics-for-college-students. html How to cite Gay Marriage, Essay examples Gay marriage Free Essays Creating discrimination against same-sex couples. People of faith are the biggest advocates against same-sex marriages. With the belief that marriage is the foundation for procreation, same-sex couples, without the ability to have their own child, should not be allowed the right of marriage. We will write a custom essay sample on Gay marriage or any similar topic only for you Order Now Seeing that there are many rights and responsibilities associated with marriage, same-sex couples are denied these and are being discriminated against. Same-sex couples are denied the right to make decisions regarding their partner’s health and medical treatment. This emotional trauma, as well as the inability to adopt one another’s children, is experienced by same-sex couples every day. Although many states have adopted civil unions, they are separate and unequal. Same-sex marriage should be legalized to create equality and eliminate the injustice involving same-sex couples. The legalization of same-sex arriage has been a battle that has been raging since the late twentieth century. By not allowing same-sex marriage, the United Sates is creating discrimination against same-sex couples. People of faith are the biggest advocates against same-sex marriages. With the belief that marriage is the foundation for procreation, same-sex couples, without the ability to have their own child, should not be allowed the right of marriage. Seeing that there are many rights and responsibilities associated with arriage, same-sex couples are denied these and are being discriminated against. Same-sex couples are denied the right to make decisions regarding their partner’s health and medical treatment. This emotional trauma, as well as the inability to adopt one another’s children, is experienced by same-sex couples every day. Although many states have adopted civil unions, they are separate and unequal. Same-sex marriage should be legalized to create equality and eliminate the injustice involving same-sex couples. How to cite Gay marriage, Papers Gay Marriage Free Essays Gay Marriage BY gapping Gay Marriage: The Struggle for Equal Rights Gerald Priest Gene. 195 July 2, 2014 Lily David Since the age of dawn people have fought for equal rights, Blacks, Mexicans and women Just to name a few. In this day of age by now everyone should have equal rights but they do not. We will write a custom essay sample on Gay Marriage or any similar topic only for you Order Now The gay and lesbian community is still struggling for equal rights. Gays and lesbian want rights Just like everyone else like marriage. Gay marriage is important to the gay and lesbian community to make them feel equal, have the benefits like others and be socially accepted. Equal Rights In February 2014, Arizona government introduced SHABBY. SHABBY is a bill that would allow business owners in Arizona to legally deny service to same sex couples by citing their religious beliefs. Governor Jan Brewer vetoed SHABBY, Brewer citied â€Å"unintended and negative consequences† (Broody, 2014 peg. 56). Equal rights is a given right, well not exactly. If someone falls into a certain group or community, like the gay and lesbian community, their rights are very limited. Marriage is one of those rights that the gay and lesbian community does not have. Marriage is a human right which should be allowed for everyone and not discriminate others. Benefits Benefits plays a major role in gay marriage, not only for finances but medical wise. For example there is a gay couple, not married because the state does not allow it, and one of them becomes very ill and passes away. Well the other partner does not have any rights to claim his partner’s body, his partner’s family does. The partner can not even plan the funeral or even keep anything that was his partner’s. Sometimes this is the case because their family never liked their child being with the same sex, so they punish their child’s partner by doing so. So having that title as being married is very important. Most Jobs you have to be married to receive your partner’s benefits but how if the state will not allow them to marry. In an article it states, â€Å"The Defense of Marriage Act by the Congress of the U. S. Prevents the same-sex partners from receiving benefits† (Passe, 2012 peg. 459-472). This is Congress denying benefits, their rights to gays and lesbians. Social Acceptance When society see two guys holding hands or even kissing, they call them names, throw things at them, give them dirty looks or even worst cases kill them. Now it is kind of different when people see two girls hold hands or even kiss. Society views says and lesbians as a disgrace, they look down on them like they are not even humans. Gays and lesbians Just want to walk and hold hands without the fear of society showing negative behavior. â€Å"Although sharply divided, public attitudes toward gays and lesbians are rapidly changing to reflect greater acceptance, with younger generations leading the way (Harms, 2011). † Gays and lesbians have seen a change in society, society is a bit more accepting than how it used to be slowly but surely. Conclusion The gay and lesbian community has overcame struggles to get to where they are at today, but still going through more struggles. The importance of gay marriage is equal rights, benefits and being socially accepted. How to cite Gay Marriage, Papers Gay Marriage Free Essays Ariel Stanley College Comp I Argumentative Essay September 25, 2012 Gay Marriage: Right or Wrong? There has been much controversy on the subject of gay marriage. Obamas recent outspokenness on the issue has made the subject of whether or not gay marriage is appropriate pop up again in the news and media in 2007, when he said â€Å"I do† to gay marriage a lot of people that have strong anti-gay feelings. I believe that people should be able to get married no matter what sexual orientation they are, because love comes in all shapes and sizes. We will write a custom essay sample on Gay Marriage or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to The National Opinion Research Center in 1973 the people that believed that gay sex was â€Å"always wrong† was a shocking 73%. And from then till 1990 the percentage rose another 3% to an all-time high of 76%. But soon after in the beginning of the 21st century that number has dropped sixteen points down to 60%. It fell another six points in the following two years. After Obama’s speech in 2007 the number fell again dramatically to a record low of 35% of people. On the other hand in 1996 Gallup found that the number of people that supported same-sex marriage was 26% of people and in 2003 that number has risen to 39%. I believe that gay marriage should be allowed because it is the people’s personal decision whether or not they wish to get married to a person of the same sex. I believe they should not be discriminated against, and I think that they should have the same rights as all people because we as a people are all equal. People argue that marriage is a contract in which a man and a woman are to spend the rest of their lives together, until death do they part. They say because it says between a man and a woman it is against god’s word for people of the same sex to engage in intercourse and get married. Well I say the hell with what was written over two thousand years ago the times have changed and I think people need to get with the fucking times you bigoted assholes. Social conservatives may have lost on gay marriage as soon as they started debating it, because of heterosexuals and the sexual revolutions. â€Å"The religious right barnstormed the nation warning against ‘gay marriage’ – with an odd result. For both straight and gay folks, the phrase was transformed from an oxymoron into a real possibility. † As the liberal journalist E. J. Graff has written in the Boston Globe. A lot of homosexual married people have adopted kids even though the social conservatives are strongly against it. I believe that they gay community should be able to get married and have a family, even though there are many people out there that think having two women or men cannot raise a child properly. They argue that you have to have a man and a woman to be to raise a kid properly. The way I look at it is what is better for a kid, sitting in the â€Å"system† waiting for someone to adopt them or maybe they just float through the system for year and years? Or is it better for a child to be adopted by a loving gay couple that will give them the love and caring that they need. I believe that if a couple is truly in love that they should be married regardless of sex, color, or race. There should be no reason that people that truly love each other should be stopped from showing that by getting married. And they should be able to have children whether it is by artificial insemination or adoption. We as a people should not have the right to dictate how others should chose to live their lives, and I believe that we should allow anyone to do what they choose. Works Cited Ponnu, Ramesh. â€Å"coming out ahead :Why Gay Marriage is on the way. † National Review 28 July 2003. Gale Power Search. Web. 24 Sep. 2012 Kurtz, Stanley N. â€Å"Homosexuals Should Not Be Allowed To Mary. † Homosexuality. Ed. Auriana Ojeda. San Diego: Greeenhaven, 2004. Gale Power Search. Web. 25. 2012. Abstract Summary This essay is about whether gays should be allowed to get married or not? There is an argument on the same sex marriage throughout this essay. From why gay rights should happen, to why being gay is so appalling and wrong. How to cite Gay Marriage, Essay examples

Effect of Exercise on Blood Pressure

Question: Discuss about the Report for Effect of Exercise on Blood Pressure. Answer: 1. Blood pressure is defined as the force or pressure exerted by blood against the arterial walls as it flows through them (Waugh, 2015). It maintains the essential in-flow and out flow of the blood from the heart to body organs through the blood vessels. The blood pressure should always be kept in normal limits. If blood pressure is raised, it may rupture the blood vessels and if blood pressure is lowered, there will be insufficient tissue and organ perfusion. Both are highly fatal conditions. Usually when the blood flows through the arteries, a pressure is exerted. Systolic blood pressure is the maximum degree of pressure exerted by blood on the blood vessel wall during the ventricular systole when the left ventricle pumps the blood into the aorta (Waugh, 2015, Sembulingam, 2001). It is also called arterial blood pressure. In adults it ranges from 110- 140 mmHg or 16kPa. Diastolic blood pressure is the minimum degree of pressure that is present during cardiac diastole and the heart is in complete resting state following the ejection of blood and just before the left ventricular contraction. In adults it ranges from 60- 80mmHg or 11kPa (Waugh, 2015, Sembulingam, 2001). Pulse pressure is defined as the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures (Tortora, 2010). The normal pulse pressure is 40 mmHg (Sembulingam, 2001). A sphygmomanometer is used to check blood pressure. Blood pressure is always written as the diastolic blood pressure below the systolic blood pressure. BP=120/80 mmHg or 16/11kPa ((Waugh, 2015, Lewis, 2004). Generally, the arteries transport blood from the heart and perfuse the tissues and internal organs. The arteries have three layers as outer, middle and inner layer. A pressure wave is generated in the elastic tissues of middle layer (tunica media) when the heart contracts causing stretching of the wall (Tortora, 2010, VanPutte, 2012). Arterioles pose resistance to blood flow called resistance vessels to determine the systemic blood pressure. When the left ventricle contracts, blood is pumped into the aorta and so the aorta expands and recoils to push blood for tissue perfusion. Expansion and recoiling is noted through the entire arterial system. The diastolic pressure is maintained by the elastic recoil of the arteries. Mean arterial pressure is defined as the average pressure present in the arteries (Marieb, (2012). This is measured by adding one third of pulse pressure and the diastolic pressure. As the diastolic time is longer than the systolic time, it helps to determine the diastolic pressure. The normal value of mean arterial pressure is 93 mm Hg (Smelter, 2002). 2. Table 1 Frequency and the Class Average Percentage Changes of blood pressure during exercise Category Pulse pressure (mm Hg) Pulse pressure Frequency N Class average percentage P Optimal (no pressure change) 3 7 Mild (1- 20) 23 52 Moderate (21- 40) 11 25 Severe (above 40) 4 9 Decreased (below 0) 3 7 Table 1 show that exercise affects the pulse pressure apparantly. It is noted that the majority (52 %) of the people had mild changes in pulse pressure. Most of the people (25 %) showed moderate increase and 9% showed severely increased pulse pressure. 7 % remained optimal with no pressure change. In contrast, 7% showed a decrease in pulse pressure. Therefore it is evident that the difference in blood pressure during exercise is apparent. 3. Regulation and control of blood pressure while resting Blood pressure often changes due to the regulatory mechanisms in the body. There are four regulatory systems as short term (nervous) regulatory system, long term (renal) regulatory system, hormonal and local regulation. 1. Short term regulation- It is a rapid mechanism. It causes vasoconstriction or vasodilatation to regulate the blood pressure. The cardiovascular centre located in the pons and medulla oblongata controls the blood pressure. The baroreceptors, chemoreceptors and higher centers in the brain send impulses to the cardiovascular centre that integrates and coordinates the impulses (Tate, 2012). This centre sends sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves (autonomic nerves) to the heart and smooth muscles in the middle layer. It causes vasodilatation or vasoconstriction causing an increase or decrease in the heart rate and thereby controls the blood pressure. They control the volume of blood in the vessels by changing the diameter of the blood vessel lumen. There are no innervations of parasympathetic nerves in most of the blood vessel and so the degree of sympathetic nerve activity determines the diameter of the blood vessel (Jenkins, 2010). The constriction of the smooth muscle occurs due to the vasoconstricting action of sympathetic nerves that increases the pressure in the blood vessels. The relaxation of smooth muscle occurs due to the decreased sympathetic nerve stimulation causing vasodilatation (Sembulingam, 2001, Antonio, 2014). Chopra in 2011 reported that the autonomic nervous system controls the local and global blood flow by causing changes in cardiac output and blo od pressure. Baroreceptors (pressure receptors): They are situated in the aortic and carotid sinuses. These are highly sensitive to changes in pressure within the blood vessel. This is the main regulatory mechanism of our body. The increased blood pressure stimulates the baroreceptors which increases their impulses to the cardiovascular centre. This increases parasympathetic nerve activity to the heart that decreases heart rate, cardiac output and ultimately blood pressure. At the same time, blood pressure is decreased by inhibiting the sympathetic activity to the blood vessels causing vasodilatation. If there is decreased blood pressure, baroreceptors are inactivated and it acts vice versa (Waugh, 2015, Antonio, 2014). Chemoreceptor: These are nerve endings situated in the carotid and aortic bodies and are primarily involved in control of respiration. The chemical constituents of blood sensitize chemoreceptors. Chemoreceptors are stimulated by increased PCO2 and hydrogen ions and decreased PO2 (Tate, 2012). This activates cardiovascular centre that increases sympathetic activity to the heart and blood vessels and causes vasoconstriction. This increases stroke volume, heart rate and ultimately increases BP. Conversely, in case of decreased hydrogen ions, and PCO2 and increased PO2, it acts vice versa and decreases BP. (Garrett, 2013). Chemoreceptors are activated only when there is severe respiratory disruption and blood pressure below 80mm Hg. Higher centers in the brain: The blood pressure is increased at times of emotional states such as pain, fear, and anger that stimulate the cardiovascular centre by increasing vasomotor tone. Vasodilatation is caused by stimulation of anterior hypothalamus that decreases blood pressure while vasoconstriction is caused by stimulation of posterior hypothalamus that increases blood pressure. Long term blood pressure regulation: It is exerted by kidneys. They regulate blood pressure in two ways as (a). Regulation of extracellular fluid volume: when the blood volume is increased, there is an increase in the extracellular fluid volume that increases blood pressure. At the time of increased pressure, more amounts of fluid and sodium are excreted that decreases blood pressure by reducing extracellular fluid volume (Sembulingam, 2001). (b). Renin- angiotension mechanism: When there is decreased blood pressure, renin is secreted by juxtaglomerular apparatus which acts on angiotensinogen and converts it into angiotension I. By the action of converting enzyme secreted from lungs angiotension I is converted into angiotension II (Waugh, 2015). Angiotension II causes vasoconstriction that increases peripheral resistance and blood pressure. Angiotension II also stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone which increases sodium resorption from renal tubules thereby increasing blood pressure (Tate, 2012). Hormonal regulation: Many hormones have an effect on blood pressure. Secretion of few hormones like adrenaline, noradrenaline, vasopressin,aldosterone, angiotension, thyroxine, and serotonin increases blood pressure whereas bradykinin, prostaglandins, histamine, acetylcholine, atrial natriuretic peptide decreases blood pressure (Sembulingam, 2001). Local regulation: The local vasoconstrictor substances originate from the endothelium known as endothelin. These substances activate phospholipase which again activates prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 causing stretching of the blood vessels. This causes vasoconstriction that increases blood pressure. The blood pressure is decreased by some local vasodilators that are metabolic and endothelial origin. 4. Effects of exercise on blood pressure and its regulation Exercise increases metabolic needs of the cells, tissues and muscles and is of two types as dynamic and static exercise (Douglas, 2012). When the exercise involves the isotonic muscular contraction with external work, it is termed as dynamic exercise. In this type, the heart rate, contractile force of heart, cardiac output and systolic blood pressure increases. As the peripheral resistance remains unaltered or decreased in dynamic exercise, the diastolic blood pressure remains unaltered or reduced as supported by a study conducted by Kelley in 2000. When the exercise involves isometric muscular contraction without external work, it is called as static exercise. In this, the heart rate, contractile force of heart, cardiac output and systolic blood pressure increases and even diastolic blood pressure increases due to increase in peripheral resistance. Blood pressure varies based on the severity of exercise. In severe exercise, blood pressure increases whereas there is no change in blood pressure during moderate and mild exercise. The blood pressure depends on the cardiac output (CO) and peripheral vascular resistance (R). It is expressed as BP= CO X R. (Smelter, 2002). Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped from each ventricle (Marieb, 2012). During exercise, cardiac output increases which in turn increases blood pressure. During exercise the heart rate increases. Even the thought of exercise or preparation for it increases heart rate. The heart rate is increased to 180 beats /min in case of moderate exercise and reaches 240-260 beats/min in severe exercise. It thereby increases the stroke volume and blood pressure. Stroke volume is defined as the amount of blood pumped from each ventricle during each contraction. The normal stroke volume ranges from 60 to 80 ml (Marieb, 2012). The exercise increases venous return that increases ventricular filling, cardiac output. This ultimately increases systolic and diastolic pressure and thereby pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure increases. This is evident from the given study that exercise has increased the systolic pressure to 22 mmHg, diastolic pressure to 16 mmHg, pulse pressure to 17 mmHg and mean arterial pressure to 10 mmHg. It was found that exercise has increased both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in females whereas it has increased only the systolic pressure apparently but decreased the diastolic pressure in most of the males. It was noted that few subjects have no change in their blood pressure after exercise. It was evident from table 1 that exercise has increased pulse pressure apparently except in few males. During exercise, large amount of metabolic end products are produced (Douglas, 2012). The accumulation of these products occurs mostly in skeletal muscles that causes vasodilatation. Therefore the blood pressure slightly decreases after the exercise. But the BP returns to normal quickly. Hypoxia may occur at the time of strenuous exercise. This stimulates chemoreceptors that activates cardiovascular centre which in turn increases sympathetic activity to the heart and blood vessels. This increases stroke volume, heart rate and vasoconstriction and ultimately increases blood pressure (Sembulingam, 2001). During exercise more heat is produced and the thermo regulatory system secretes sweat for heat control. This may lead to fluid loss and reduced blood volume that decreases blood pressure. Reference Antonio, C. L. (2014). Neural Regulation of Cardiovascular Response to Exercise: Role of Central Command and Peripheral Afferents: BioMed Research International Journal. Retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/478965. Chopra, S. (2011). Neuro-endocrine regulation of blood pressure: Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 15 (Supp l4): S281S288. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.86860. Douglas, C. (2012). Potter and Perrys Fundamentals of Nursing- Australian version. (4th ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier. Garrett, L.K. (2013). Get Ready for Anatomy and physiology. (3rd ed.). San Francisco: Pearson Education. Jenkins, G.M. Tortora, Genard.J. (2012). Anatomy and physiology: from science to life (3rd ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Jenkins, G.M. Kemnitz, C.P., Tortora, Genard.J. (2010). Anatomy and physiology: from science to life. (2nd ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Kelley, G. A., Kelley, K. S. (2000). Progressive resistance exercise and resting blood pressure: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. 35, 838-843. Retrieved from https://www.unm.edu/~lkravitz/Article%20folder/restingbp.html Lewis, S.M., Heitkempfer, M.M., Dirksen, S.R. (2004). Medical Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems. (6th ed.). Missouri: Mosby. Marieb, E. (2012). Essentials of human anatomy and physiology. (10th ed.). San Francisco, Calif: Benjamin Cummings. Potter Perry, (2004). Fundamentals of Nursing. (5th ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Sembulingam, K. (2001). Essential of medical physiology. (2nd ed.). New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers. Smelter, S.C. (2002). Brunners and Suddarths Textbook of Medical Surgical Nursing. (9th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. Tate, P. (2012). Seeleys principles of anatomy and physiology. (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. VanPutte, C., Regan, J. Russo, A. (2012). Seeleys Essentials of anatomy and physiology. (8th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Waugh, A. (2015). Ross and Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and illness. (12th ed.). Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone.

The Lottery free essay sample

The Lottery by Shirley Jackson is a short story about a small town and their unique summer tradition. This stories thematic element is conformity and rebellion, showing a clash between two well-articulated positions in which a rebel, on principle, confronts and struggles with established authority (Abacarian and Klotz, 289). Jacksons short story caught my attention through her suspenseful structural technique, and incorporation of a serious, seemingly absurd, event in a nonchalant manner. Mr. Summers, who devotes his time to running civic activities, runs this event very year on June 27th. The children are always the first to assemble, innocent to the severity of the event that is about to occur. The head of the household each picks a piece of paper out of a black box, and keeps it sealed until everyone has picked. At the same time all of the men open their papers, and whoevers family has the paper with the black dot has been selected. We will write a custom essay sample on The Lottery or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This year, it was the Hutchinson family. Now, the paper with the dot is placed back in the box along with more blank slips to equal the amount of people in the family. They each pick, and the person who picks the lack dot is the winner, who then gets stoned by the town. Until the very end of the short story the reader is very much unaware of the situation and why this lottery is taking place, which is one reason I picked this story. Suspense in a story is one of my favorite elements and always keeps me wanting to read in order to find out what happens. Through most of the story Jackson shows the town quite cheerful and happy, but she begins to hint towards a dramatic event with statements such as a sudden hush fell on the crowd Oackson,342), l wish theyd hurry. I wish theyd hurry Oackson, 343), and a long pause, a breathless pause Oackson, 343). Once I realized what the point of the lottery is, I quickly thought back through the story and realized how apathetic she was towards this event. Throughout the course of the story, Jackson showed many of the characters acting very casual and carefree, even though one of their towns members was about to be stoned. I liked the way Jackson incorporated the idea of stones with the children in the beginning of the story. This makes the reader originally question its relevance and shows the innocence of youth. She then follows later with the elderly man stating that he had been at these lotteries for seventy-seven years, which showed the town being used to the tradition and show normal it was to the society, and how it only negatively affects the person who won and their family. The characters discuss how many towns have gotten rid of this tradition, and Old Man Warner states Nothing but trouble in that,, Old Man Warner said stoutly. Pack of young fools0ackson, 342). This displays the theme of conformity and rebellion, since the younger generations want to get rid of the tradition, and the older enerations with more power over the society believe it is for the best. Even the death of an individual in their town they say is necessary and tradition, which I found astonishing. oliday atmosphere, which concludes with a horrific event. The holiday atmosphere is used to diminish the immortality of the event, but the author successfully uses the happiness to add suspense to the tradition and add a dark twist to the severity of it all. Overall, the suspense positively adds to the structure of the story and the casual aspect of the stoning and death of a citizen follows the theme of conformity and rebellion. The lottery free essay sample Shirley Jackson was a devoted mother and writer. Jackson didn’t fit in well in North Bennington, and the town likely served as the setting for the New England town portrayed in â€Å"The Lottery. † â€Å"The Lottery† caused outrage and controversy when it appeared in the New Yorker in 1948, but many critics now consider it to be Jackson’s most famous work. Jackson was sometimes thought to be a witch because of her interested in witchcraft and black magic. Almost all of Jackson’s work is reflects horror, hauntings, witchcraft, or psychological unease. She also struggled with both mental and physical illnesses as an adult. Unlike other writers, she found the writing process pleasurable. â€Å"The Lottery† starts off in a town on a normal day with children going around and collecting rocks. The men of the households are called forward to a wooden box to draw slips of paper. When one of the men sees that he has the black dot on his slip, his wife immediately starts to argue with how the drawing wasn’t fair. We will write a custom essay sample on The lottery or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The family is brought to the stage where they are to draw their slips of paper. Tess (Mrs. Hutchinson) draws the paper with the black dot and is taken to the center of the town where the town’s people take their stones that the children collected earlier that day. As the villagers close in to primarily take Tess’s life, all you can hear are her terrified shrilling screams. Shirley Jackson in her work â€Å"The Lottery† reveals the corrosive factors that result in our blind acceptance of morally questionable traditions that cause social paralysis. â€Å"The Lottery† starts off as a normal day in the village â€Å"it was clear and sunny with the fresh warmth of a full-summer day† (Jackson 1). This is ironic because it starts off with this allusion of an enjoyable day but really by the end they end up killing one of their own villagers. Jackson does this to create a less serious atmosphere and reflect the attitudes of the community. Instantly, the boys are collecting rocks used to kill the lottery winner at the end of the story. This is an annual thing that the kids do because they have been raised and taught to do so. Because the kids are gradually and systematically exposed to these series of provoking objects and situations, they have become familiar with their actions making it an annual â€Å"game† for the kids (Linz 1). It has become a â€Å"game† for the kids because in the story it states that, â€Å"they gather together quietly for a while before they broke out into boisterous play† and that they â€Å"find the smoothest and roundest rocks to stuff in their pockets. † Because the kids are repeatedly exposed to this violence it diminishes the negative affect that was once upon them. They can no longer see it as wrong or feel remorse. They blindly accept this task thats given to them every year and don’t question it. The constant exposure to violence results in less physiological reactivity to other violent actions going on around them (Linz 1). The killing of the villagers is the violence going on. Collecting stones has become a ritual that they believe is right, because it is what they have been raised to do, even though it is wrong. They are just kids and haven’t been taught that it is morally wrong to be killing friends and family. An example is at the end of the story when Mrs. Hutchinson’s son was handed a few pebbles to throw at his own mother and didn’t hesitate. When they are repeatedly exposed to violence they are less depressed and enjoy the material more with constant subjection (Linz 2). â€Å"Both beamed and laughed (Jackson 6). † This shows how they still find joy in the situation even though they are about to kill a member of their family. The story goes on to talk about the families that are attending this so called lottery. The women are described as â€Å"housewives that gossip† (Jackson 1) and aren’t as authoritative as the men. While the boys are all collecting the stones, the women are â€Å"standing aside talking among themselves. † In the story â€Å"the women began to call their children, and the children came reluctantly, having called four or five times. † When their father calls to them â€Å"they came quickly† (Jackson 1). It is as if their mothers hadnt even said anything. This shows how the men are portrayed as the head of the house and they women more as just the â€Å"housekeeper. † Their voices are not heard in this part of the story and neither at the end when Mrs. Hutchinson claims that, â€Å"It wasn’t fair† and no one does anything about it but continues with the rest of the lottery. Women have been known to rarely work outside the house and live their lives caring for their husbands and children while taking care of their home. Most males are prevailed as the dominant gender. The women are seen on a lower status (Gender Prejudice 1). The lottery seems to be run mostly by the men of the town. They are the ones that are in charge of the black box and most of the ceremony. In the story the women are more resistant to the lottery while the men are the ones in control of it. This results in social paralysis of the town because no one wants to change how the lottery is run or who it’s run by. When its time for the drawing, Mr. Dunbar is unable to draw so because he and his wife don’t have kids the â€Å"Wife draws for the husband† (Jackson 3). This all goes back to the role of the men and women in the village. The women are to produce many children so that it gives their family a better chance of surviving if their spouse is chosen in the first round (Oehlschlaeger 1). Men are the ones that go out and prevail in the business world while their wives stay home all day. When Mrs. Hutchinson arrives late she makes the statement that she â€Å"Thought my old man was out back stacking wood† and that she â€Å"Wouldn’t have me leave m’dishes in the sink (Jackson 2),† implying that her husband was doing the hard labor out in the yard while she was inside doing dishes. They mention that most of the ritual has been forgotten over the years. â€Å"The original paraphernalia for the lottery had been lost long ago (Jackson 1). It has become a habit that no one wants to stop. The lottery has become a social paralysis over time, not allowing anyone to step up and want to change or stop what the lottery is doing to their village. No one questions why they still do it and no one even really knows why they do it in the first place. It has lost its significance over the years and become a yearly act that no one has tried to stop. They don’t want to make a new box because â€Å"No one wanted to upset even as much tradition as was represented by the black box (Jackson 1). Tradition is a belief that has been passes down from generations, just like in â€Å"The Lottery. † Traditions are passes on to gain that sense of continuity and bonding through each other. They are supposed to create that special connection between the families and in this case the town. That’s not what it does though, No one knows the significants of the lottery anymore and no one questions either. Old Man Warner says, â€Å"Pack of crazy fools† to the people that want to give up the lottery. They think that breaking this time-honored tradition would result in them â€Å"living in caves† (Jackson 4). Traditions carry a sense of social and cultural patterns (Tradition 1), such as drawing the paper from the box and having the men draw first then the family. Even though â€Å"So much of the ritual had been forgotten or discarded (Jackson 2),† they still keep that cultural sense to it. The reverence regularly provided in tradition indicates that people follow it willingly even if they don’t know why. â€Å"The people had done it so many times that they only half listened to the directions. † People follow tradition unconsciously because it’s what they are taught to do. This is their blind acceptance of the lottery and social paralysis of not wanting to change what they have continued to do for numerous years. Traditions are invoked to preserve the sanctity of the past family rituals. Societies keep traditions for social connectedness and memories (Tradition 3). Throughout the story, â€Å"The Lottery,† Shirley Jackson uses harsh examples of how the village blindly accepts their morally questionable traditions resulting in social paralysis. They don’t want to change anything about the lottery even though most of the significance has been lost over the years. There is evidence throughout the story that shows how the people blindly accept what they are doing to their town and do it without question. This all demonstrates how society never changes or grows resulting in the social paralysis of the story. Their is social paralysis going on all around the world. Even in Pakistan there are people refusing to act upon the issue of suicide happening at large rates ( Poverty and Social Paralysis. ) The lottery is just an example of how some societies refuse to change even though what they are doing needs to or should be stopped.

Constantines Influence on Christianity

Constantines Influence on Christianity Free Online Research Papers While many have contributed to the growth of Christianity, one man was a key part of the legitimacy, acceptance and growth of the religion. He was the Roman emperor Constantine. Christians had been persecuted in the Roman Empire since the beginning of the religion. Constantine’s participation in the Council of Nicea and his implementation of Christian symbols in highly visible locations are the reasons that Christianity became the dominant religion in the western world. Constantine’s role in the council is why Christianity flourished. During Constantine’s reign, there were many social issues within the Roman Empire which Constantine felt had roots in the religious revolution of paganism and Christianity. These quarrels affected the prosperity of the Roman Empire. After years of infighting among leaders of the Christian church, the Roman emperor, Gaius Julius Octavius, also known as emperor Constantine, summoned all the Christian bishops to attend a council. The purpose of the council was to openly discuss and solve the problems that the differing views caused in the religion. The motivation for this action has been disputed by many, but most agree that Constantine felt a bond with the Christians that were being persecuted throughout the empire. The reason for the bond may have been due to Constantine growing up as a hostage in the east or his vision of the Christian cross on the eve of his most important battle (O’Grady 71). These factors played the deciding role in the decision of Constantine to cal l a meeting of the church. There had been many councils before this one, but none before had been called for by an emperor, and none had imperial authority. Constantine was intent on settling the disputes within the church for both economic and political gain (Payne 52). The council took place on Asia Minor on June 19th, 325 AD and lasted two months. Many Bishops from the west felt the meeting was of no concern to them; they held the populous power and underestimated the resolve of Constantine to settle the disputes at hand. Many bishops of the west were also outraged that the emperor had chosen such a distant local for the council; they felt the west was the center of the empire and this significant of a meeting should be held in the west. The western bishops also took this as Constantine publicly announcing his distain for the western empire and a display of favor for the people with which he identified with, the people of the east. Bishops from the Eastern Church were convinced this was their opportunity to be heard and their view of the Christian religion to be accounted for. The views of the bishops and the location of the meeting accounted for the turnout of the Council of Nicea, while 318 attended only six bishops and two presbyters of the bis hop of Rome were representing the west (Payne 59). The influential control held by the Eastern Church was not the only aspect of this council that was unorthodox. Never before had an emperor presided over a council of the Christian church. Constantine’s views on religion were â€Å"that it should be tidy with well defined lines of command† and his views of the men of the church was, â€Å"these men are bishops†, which was a status symbol of the time,† and these men, like all men, are riddled with flaws† (qtd. in Walker 14). These views along with his lack of tolerance for quarrels set a tone for the proceedings. As the council began, Constantine addressed the council by stating â€Å"he was glad to see them in harmony,† knowing they were in a bitter conflict. â€Å"I won my battles for the glory of God and to my dismay I hear there are divisions among you. We are here to fix it† (qtd. in Walker 14). At the beginning of the meeting, two antagonists came to the forefront. Arius, an outspoken bishop who had little tolerance for any beliefs that were not similar to his own and his fiery public speaking was cause for many of the council’s arguments. Athanasius, an older gentleman, was characterized as having an imposing physical presence, quiet during some disputes but with others he refused to compromise or to end the arguments. His actions led to numerous stalemates in the decision making process. Tired of the endless bickering, Constantine singled out the two men and had them removed from the council, Constantine then summoned the attendees to bring him all of their complaints and petitions he then threw them into the fire. These acts by the emperor left another large segment of the Christian faith unrepresented in the shaping of the religion (Bainton 92). During the remaining meetings of the council the emperor ruled similar to a judge. Constantine silenced all arguments t hat seemed arbitrary to him and rebuked all that spoke too angrily (Cowie 104). Constantine’s actions influenced the makeup and atmosphere of the council. The most dominating arguments of the council involved the beliefs in the father, the son, and the Holy Spirit, also known as the Trinity. The Bishops debated over the relationship between the three entities. One segment of the church believed that God was superior to Jesus and therefore was subordinate to him, while the other segment believed that each entity had its own place and none was subordinate to the others (First 1). Constantine, not understanding or grasping the ideology behind the argument, placed imperial pressure onto the council to come to a solution or he would step in. The council came to the agreement that the son was equal to the father and the Divinity was established. Religious writings were also topics of disputes. Claims of a hierarchy pertaining to one writing versus another were highly contested and no group could offer concrete evidence to legitimize the scrutinized documents (Lane 1). Disputes over religious text lagged for days and with the urging of Constantine the council proceeded to discuss a system of validation for the writings. Constantine had very little knowledge of the writings or of the religion in fact, he was a life long pagan and only converted to Christianity late in life. The council decided to focus on the writings that held popular truth. Writings that contained elements that all could agree upon were validated. The council did not review all writings but the writings that failed to meet the set standards of the council, were burned by the emperor. Many believe that this was done by Constantine because he felt once the center of the argument were no longer around then they could no longer cause disputes. This action enraged many in the church and leaders felt Constantine had no authority to destroy their sacred texts (Brandt 1). To this day, historians and theologists believe that many books of supposed prophets were lost here. The Council of Nicea of 325 was plagued with numerous debates, but progress for uniformity within the church was achieved The council was able to establish the Nicene Creed, a statement that echoes the beliefs and duties of the bishops, the Twenty Cannons and the establishment of a continuing council whose goal would be to further debate and verify texts along with solidifying the religion. With Constantine’s influence over the council, he set in motion an ever progressing religion that would gain momentum and begin to spread. Constantine also influenced everyday life with the Christian religion, he placed XP on currency. XP symbolizes Jesus Christ in Roman moniker. This was done to help give the religion social acceptance within the empire. With the backing of the Roman Empire, Christianity blossomed (Cowie 14). Constantine’s involvement in laying the foundation for the success of Christianity arose primarily from the social and economic problems that were crippling the Roman Empire. Without his participation in the Council of Nicea the Christian religion would have never have gained such momentum. Many people in history have played large roles in the growth of the religion but none more profound than Constantine. Bainton, Roland H. The Horizon History of Christianity. New York: American Heritage, 1964. Brandt, Steven. â€Å"The Council of Nicea.† Steves Theology Page. 27 Jan. 2007. columbia.edu/cu/augustine/arch/sbrandt/nicea.htm. Cowie, Leonard W. March of the Cross. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1962. â€Å"First Council of Nicaea.† The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2003. Answers.com 27 Jan. 2007 answers.com/topic/first-council-of-nicaea. Lane, Anthony N.S. â€Å"The Council of Nicaea: Purposes and Themes.† 27 Jan. 2007. http://debate.org.uk/topics/theo/council_nicaea.html. O’Grady, Desmond. Beyond The Empire. New York: Crossroads, 2001. Payne, Robert. The Christian Centuries. New York: W.W. Norton, 1966. Walker, Williston. A History of The Christian Church. New York: Charles Scribner’s, 1959. Research Papers on Constantine’s Influence on ChristianityBringing Democracy to AfricaBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andQuebec and CanadaMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2

Famous Scarface Movie Quotes

Famous Scarface Movie Quotes Quotes from the 1983 film Scarface are by far some of the most popular movie quotes. Devout fans of the legendary gangster film  will always rate  quotes by the infamous protagonist, Tony Montana, as the best among the movie quotes category. How many of them do you know offhand? Test your memory skills with this collection of the best of Scarface quotes. I always tell the truth. Even when I lie.Every day above ground is a good day.In this country, you gotta make the money first. Then when you get the money, you get the power. Then when you get the power, then you get the women.Tony Montana: Me, I want whats coming to me.Manny: Oh, well... whats coming to you?Tony Montana: The world, Chico, and everything in it.You wanna waste my time? Okay. I call my lawyer. Hes the best lawyer in Miami. Hes such a good lawyer, that by tomorrow morning, you gonna be working in Alaska. So dress warm.Why dont you try stickin jou head up jour ass – see if it fits.Say goodnight to the bad guy.Dat chick hes with   she like me.I like you, Tony. Theres no lying in you.Amigo, the only thing in this world that gives orders is balls. Balls. You got that?So you wanna dance, Frank, or do you wanna sit here and have a heart attack?I got ears, ya know. I hear things.

Decision Making and Rationality in the Modern World Essay

Decision Making and Rationality in the Modern World - Essay Example Cognitive psychologists define ‘decision making’ as a mental task that occurs in weighing relevant information or selecting among options. However, decision making is highly vulnerable to failure due to individuals’ cognitive design (Hardman 2009, 117). Primarily, individuals often evaluate the probability of a situation by the simplicity or convenience with which models can be created in mind. The manner an issue is constructed usually radically influences individuals’ judgments. Individuals perceive, understand, and commit to memory information that confirms their original beliefs (Shapira 2002, 4). Individuals are also hesitant to discard a choice once they have put too much time, effort, and resources in it. Individuals are also very much inclined to have improperly high regard for their skills and knowledge. Â  Cognitive psychologists from different schools of thought have the same opinion that individuals have an inadequate capacity for performing mental activities. Individuals can only hold a limited amount of information and they can process it in sequence, and retain in short-term memory (Plous 1993, 13). This essay tries to illustrate some of the factors that hinder good decision making, namely, (1) cognitive dissonance, (2) memory bias and hindsight bias, (3) context dependence.

Education in appalachia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Education in appalachia - Research Paper Example Appalachia’s economic traditions were formed by coal: the ordinary laborer is employed to an occupation s/he believed would be for a lifetime and is prepared and educated on the job (Fisher, 1993). Unfortunately, these occupations do no longer exist. Hence, the Appalachian people are being mandated to acquire their education prior to entering the workforce. People are being obliged to complete some form of education if they plan to get a job in the future (Powell, 2008). But economic progress is also being hampered by the dominant condition of education in the rural communities of Appalachia. Course Outcomes Outcome One: Demographic and Socioeconomic Status As the disparity in rates of poverty between the country and Appalachia was closing over the recent decades, the Appalachian people were coping with other parts of the country in relation to numbers of high school graduates (Ziliak, 2007). According to Ziliak (2007, 1), completion rates in high school grew by 50% between 19 79 and 1999 (see Appendix A) in Appalachian Kentucky, and current studies show that these developments resulted in the remarkable progress in per capita individual income of Kentucky over the recent decades. ... aduates in Appalachian Pennsylvania may somewhat explain the lower rate of poverty in Appalachia, the more depressed numbers of college graduates there perhaps somewhat clarifies the reason Appalachia’s average level of income is lower relative to the country (Powell, 2008). Even though the figures mentioned here is entirely exploratory, it indicates that continuous disparities in levels of educational achievement imply continuous disparities in levels of income (Ziliak, 2007), and hence rates of poverty. Outcome Two: Factors Influencing Education in Appalachia Earlier studies have demonstrated that the effects of the community in the condition of education in Appalachia are usually more subtle than the influences of the family. This appears to be the case for educational achievement in Appalachia: parents’ educational attainment and family poverty affected behaviors of achievement later on, as the community ceased to do so (Powell, 2008). Still, even though different i n terms of degree of influence on educational attainment in Appalachia, the family and community remain to be the two strongest systems impacting Appalachian education. Education is in fact greatly valued in Appalachia; however, local allegiance and family are usually prioritized. If the family requires help from its young adult, education could be hastily stopped for the sake of family obligations (Edwards, Asbury & Cox, 2006). If a specific job or profession may only be performed away from the immediate community, the family could thwart its realization. Outcome Three: The Interaction between the Family, Community, and Education Attainment of educational goals necessitates significant amount of social support, determination, and resources, and these should be given on a continuous and reliable way

Bernie Madoff Essay Example for Free

Bernie Madoff Essay The things I will be talking about are the ways they examined the financial events surrounding Bernie Maddoff, and the events surrounding Enron. Also they way that Enron dealt with the consequences and implications for the lack of code of ethics. The financial events that were surrounding Bernie Maddoff where that â€Å" the financial world begins this week still in a daze over the spectacular collapse of an alleged Ponzi scheme by onetime Wall Street legend Bernard Madoff — possibly the biggest swindle ever committed by a single person. Its a stunning fraud that appears to be of epic proportions, Andrew Calamari of the Securities and Exchange Commissions New York Regional Office said in a statement after the FBI arrested Madoff last week. Its unclear how many institutions and individuals will suffer from losses that federal authorities say Madoff privately pegged at $50 billion. † The reason that he had easy assess to all of this was because he knew the system from being the chairman of Nasdaq from 1990-1991 and 1993. Another one was the â€Å"officials allege that Madoff falsified reports from a secretive money management service that he owned — run separately from his main stock transaction firm — to make it appear to be more successful than it was. Madoff allegedly kept it going by taking cash from unwitting new investors to pay customers who wanted to redeem their holdings. In a January SEC filing, Madoff said he managed $17. 1 billion in assets for 23 clients. But potential victims could number in the hundreds and possibly thousands and include major banks, hedge funds, charities and pension funds. Responding to an SEC lawsuit, on Friday, U. S. District Judge Louis Stanton in New York froze the assets and accounts of Madoffs investment business and appointed Lee Richards, an attorney at Richards Kibbe Orbe, as receiver. Madoffs lawyers have denied the charges but did not return calls for comment. Madoff was released after posting $10 million in bail. He faces up to $5 million in fines and up to 20 years in jail if convicted. The SEC and U. S. Attorneys office say their investigation is continuing and declined to comment. † Madoff got himself in trouble by using money he did not have to pay off customers from all the new invertors. Then after a while New York realized what he was doing so they arrested him for what he was doing because it was not ethical at all.

The Lords of Discipline - Life in a Military Academy Essay -- essays r

The Lords of Discipline - Life in a Military Academy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To the average person, school is a place to learn where one may speak their mind freely, yet stay orderly through a light set of values and order. In The Lords of Discipline, we learn of a different type of school. The Institute is a military academy with rigorous mental and physical standards, and very straight-forward and rigid policies. What is learned at the Institute is to stay loyal to your classmates. The upperclassmen do their best to keep this primary rule imbedded in the minds of the plebe’s. In this story, we learn about an open-minded student at the academy whose own pride and determination allows him to stay in the system and not give up. He disagrees with the ways of the academy, but finds himself able to deal wit...

Contestable

Contestable 39†² Shreenaeconomics Is the airline market contestable? Definition Of contestability – when there are none or low barriers to entry for incumbent firms Where they Will be forced to keep prices competitive and profits low in the long term. Otherwise this Will encourage Other firms to enter into the market.There are roughly 20 airline companies based in the 0K market It iS a form Of an oligopolistic market and price is not always the determinant of demand but non price factors such as Inflight services and atmosphere. Is contestable Not contestable Low cost airlines as there are lower barriers to entry and exit as you can lease airplanes and reduce the set up costs. There are also no sunk costs If leased airplanes.This means that capital wont be lost when exiting the market High barriers to entry In terms of sunk costs and Infrastructural costs. Providing services costs a lot ot money (le first class cabins) There Is competition between companies so new tirms c an enter and make normal profits There are dominant tirms in the market, there will be brand loyalty which reduces contestability as new firms will have to compete on onprlce factors to gain loyal customers and to compete with other firms. an example being british airways and virgin: BA has a calm quiet in air craft experience and Virgin airlines offer a lively talk promoting atmosphere where even the airhostesses try and get conversations going) Access to the same level of technology. this means that the costs each firm take on from technological aspects such as inflight services and ways of booking are the same so it doesnt stop competition as there is no LISPS.The bigger firms can exploit economies of scale as they produce at lower average unit cost compared to new firms entering the market which do not have perfect information about cheap suppliers or bulk buy to get big discounts, the low cost airline market is more contestable than normal airlines use of the Internet to reduce distribution Costs Maximise the utilisation Of the aircraft assets Direct sell only Via the net Ticketless travel NO free airline food one kind of aircraft: commonality max'mlses efficiency in the recruitment and training of staff Predatory pricing can occur In the short which can drive away new firms, they reduce heir profits below average costs and cover with saved revenues till the new firms cannot make any profit and they exit the market.

Hazlitt RH Analysis Essay

In this world, money is a necessity. In William Hazlitt’s critical and didactic excerpt from, â€Å"On the Want of Money,† he bears witness and exposes to his audience that although money is not necessarily a source of happiness, it is fundamental in order to achieve any other sort of joy and comfort on earth. Hazlitt employs adverse diction and the layering of evidence through syntax to then further his argument on the necessity of money. Hazlitt’s fatalistic diction exposed to the readers how without money, one’s life on earth is rather misfortunate and uncomfortable, to say the least. Words such as, â€Å"despised,† â€Å"exile,† â€Å"rejected,† and â€Å"avoided,† reveal the bleak lifestyle of a poverty-stricken, penniless human being. This pessimistic diction suggests and constructs the awful, unhappy life that one will live in the lack of money. Words such as, â€Å"disappointment,† dissatisfied,† â€Å"querulous,† and â€Å"morose,† demonstrates the discontent which one lives life feeling if there is no money to spend on luxuries and other such pleasures. However, diction such as, â€Å"hope,† â€Å"succeed,† â€Å"enthusiasm,† and â€Å"fortune,† suggest that a life of riches and abundance is also a life of satisfaction. Through Hazlitt’s gloomy diction, he was able to disclose with his audience his position on the necessity of money if one desires to life a well-off, enjoyable life. William Hazlitt’s layering of evidence aided in bringing to light his argument on the vitality of having money in order to live a favorable life because he had the information to sustain his appeal. One piece of material exercised to further his point was â€Å"to be a law-stationer, or a scrivener or scavenger,† suggesting that a life without money is similar to the life of a scrounger with nothing of his own. The evidence, to be â€Å"avoided by those who know your worth and shrink from it is as a claim on their respect or their purse,† manifests the idea that you will be treated differently by those who  are aware of the amount of money in your pocket. Lastly, the piece of evidence stating, â€Å"to be a burden to your relations, or unable to do anything for them,† validates that with money, people will feel pity for you and your situation, but without it, you cannot help others—or yourself. The layering of evidence done through syntax in this advisory excerpt exposes the theme that Hazlitt was constructing: being the fact that in this society, money will be the cornerstone to happiness and progress. â€Å"Literally and truly, one cannot get on well in this world without money.† William Hazlitt both understood and felt that it was his duty to prove to his audience why money has become a necessity in this world. He employed depressing diction and the scaffolding of evidence to more clearly emphasize his point of view â€Å"on the want of money.†

The Broken Record

The Broken Record Hate to sound like a broken record, but when I saw this quote, I hopped back up on that bandwagon I call diligence. Eighty percent of success is showing up.†Ã‚  - Woody Allen People are awfully sweet in complimenting me about my business savvy and ability to promote. Behind the scenes my husband shakes his head at my income. (You deserve to be paid more than you get for the time you invest.) Writers incomes are decreasing because of the huge number of writers in the mix, the ridiculous cost of ebooks which floods the market with free reading material, and the SEO writers around the world still willing to work for a penny a word. However, I cannot imagine not showing up to work each day. I love reading, writing, creating, and rubbing elbows with people who feel the same. So daily I rise and hit the keyboard. My duties include: 1) Researching material for FundsforWriters 2) Setting up appearances 3) Prepping material for online and in-person appearances 4) Tending social media and email 5) Writing on a novel 6) Seeking methods of promotion 7) Freelancing as the opportunities arise 8) Making notes about future books/articles To me they are all intermingled. One feeds the other, and frankly I love getting up and changing my mind as to what Ill do that day. But the bottom line is I show up every day. I write every day. During Thanksgiving, one of my sons asked, What have you done lately with your writing, because I know youve accomplished something new. You always do. Some days, however, I think its all for naught. Especially when I see others succeeding more than  me, or I hear nothing but negative on a given day; or worse, theres this big void of no response at all. But then a day dawns beautifully when I realize my work made it into another magazine, a book was chosen for an event/review/feature, my website landed me a public appearance. Some days I receive no reviews for my books, then other days I receive ten. This job is a yo-yo of the highest order. However, we never appreciate those grand days if we arent showing up for ALL days. Writing is a game of diligence, and while some days it feels like you are headed nowhere, in actuality, you are wearing down the resistance. The day will come when you realize all those thankless days of nothing were piling up and becoming days of worthiness.

What to Do When You Feel Overwhelmed in College

What to Do When You Feel Overwhelmed in College Not everyone graduates from college; doing so is a huge deal because its an incredibly difficult journey. Its expensive. It takes a long time, it requires a heck of a lot of dedication, and there often never seems to be any rest from what other people expect of you. In fact, its sometimes easier to feel smothered by your responsibilities than it is to feel in control. So just what can you do when you feel overwhelmed in college? Fortunately, being in college means that you have both the desire and ability to figure out how to make things work even if you arent feeling like you can. Take a deep breath, start simply, and then show em what youre made of. What to Do When You Feel Overwhelmed in College First, be bold and block off 30 minutes from your schedule. It can be right now; it can be in a few hours. The longer you wait, of course, the longer youll feel stressed out and overwhelmed. The sooner you can make a 30-minute appointment with yourself, the better. Once youve reserved yourself for 30 minutes, set a timer (try using the alarm on your phone) and use your time as follows: 5 Minutes: Grab a pen or use your computer, tablet, or smartphone and make lists of what you have to do. And while this may sound easy, theres one catch: instead of making a long, running list, divide it up by sections. What do you need to do for your Chem 420 class? What do you need to do as a club vice chair? What do you need to do for your financial paperwork? Create, in essence, a bunch of mini-lists and organize them by topic.5 Minutes: Mentally walk through your schedule for the rest of the week (or, at the very least, the next 5 days). Where do you absolutely have to be (like class) and where do you want to be (like a club meeting)? Use whatever time management system you have to mark down what you have to do and what you want to do.10 Minutes: Break down your calendar using your micro lists. What must be done today? What must be done tomorrow? What can wait until tomorrow? What can wait until next week? Be brutal with yourself, too; there are only so many hours in a day and o nly so much you can reasonably expect yourself to do. What can wait? What cannot? Assign to-do items from your lists to various days in a way that sets reasonable expectations about how much you can get done in a certain amount of time. 5 Minutes: Spend a few minutes to specifically break down how you are going to spend the rest of your day (or night) today. Allocate as much time as possible in your schedule, making sure to account for things like breaks and meals. In essence: How will you spend the next 5-10 hours?5 Minutes: Spend your final 5 minutes getting yourself and your space ready to work. Do you need to go for a brisk walk? Clean up a workspace in your room? Head to the library? Get some water and coffee? In essence: get yourself moving and prepare your environment so that you can hit the ground running. Once your 30 minutes are up, youll have made to-do lists, organized your schedule, planned out the rest of your day (or night), and prepared yourself to start. This, ideally, will allow you to focus on the tasks at hand over the next few days; instead of always worrying about studying for an upcoming exam, you can tell yourself, Im studying for my exam on Thursday night. Right now I must finish this paper by midnight. Consequently, instead of feeling overwhelmed, you can feel in charge and know that your plan of attack will allow you to finally get things done. You got this!

IT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IT - Essay Example According to Mintzberg (1999), they are â€Å"functional strategy, operational strategy, business strategy, dynamic strategy and corporative strategy. Strategic business unit is also included† (Mintzberg, 1999). Functional strategy in its turn includes strategic development of new products, marketing strategies, economic strategies, lawful principles, human resources and information technologies. Information technology can not only assist in reducing the number of mistakes usually made during the work with papers, it can also let workers save the time they spend on communication with customers (Schoemaker, 1993). This extra time appears because the procedures are held more effectively and professionally. Work with papers includes making corrections and some mistakes are usually left uncorrected that can cost much (Porter, 1996). The correct information technologies implementation is not an easy task in terms of the involvement of all company’s employees. Moreover, this process should be considered as a long- period leaning, where progress is made gradually, because in order to make the process effective all the employees should learn how to apply new methods. Furthermore, the appropriate use of the system needs understandable instructions and regular testing. Today more and more companies with different kinds of activity apply information technologies and face the task of its implementation. Some of them are already successfully using new opportunities these technologies provide, while in some areas, for example, healthcare area, information technology has not been fully implemented yet. We should hope that soon all the industries will use this opportunity to improve their activity, because information technology is valuable both for employees and the clients. According to Huber (1990), ‘information technologies should reduce centralization in decision making in centralized organizations and increase